1. THE ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF THE STATE and THEORIES OF RULE!

2. POPULATION
TERRITORY
SOVEREIGNTY
GOVERNMENT

3. POPULATION
Population: The number and character of the people living in any one territory
Population has a direct effect on the stability and political organization of a state
States where the population share basic beliefs or consensus have the most stable government
Mobility—people moving shift political power

4. TERRITORY
Established boundaries of a country (these boundaries change as a result of war, negotiations, or purchase)

5. SOVEREIGNTY SOVEREIGNTY:
Absolute authority that a government has over its citizens
The state has supreme and absolute authority within its territorial boundaries (complete power to make laws, policy, etc.)
No state has the right to interfere with internal affairs of another sovereign state
States with great economic and military strength have more power

6. GOVERNMENT
The institution, through which that state maintains social order, provides public services and enforce decisions.

7. Theories of Rule Divine Right
God is the source of all Power
Power flows from God (to the Pope) to the King who has the right to do anything he wants.
Natural Law and Natural Rights (Evolution)
The Natural World provides a just and rational order to all things in the world.
Rulers will emerge who follow natural law
Acquired Power (Machiavellian)
Power is taken and subjects are created.
Hitler followed this political philosophy
Social Contract Theory (Democratic)-An agreement between the people and the government
People agree to submit to the authority of the state.
In return, the state provides protection and support.

8. POLITICS! What words come to mind when you hear the word “politics”?
Does the word have a more positive or negative connotation?

9. Niccolo Machiavelli
Machiavelli’s name is synonymous with tough and dirty politics
Author of The Prince. One of history’s first political scientists.

10. Machiavelli Quotes “The ends justify the means.”
“It is better to be feared than loved.”
“By no means can a prudent ruler keep his word. Because all men are bad and do not keep promises to you, you likewise do not have to keep your promises to them.”

11. Can we be hopeful about politics?
Forward.
“Believe in America”

12. A neutral view of politics
Harold D. Lasswell
Who gets what, when, and how. (and where)
All of us are political, we’re just not used to calling it that. You don’t have to take a class to understand politics. Aristotle was correct when he wrote, “Man is by nature a political animal.”

13. JOHN LOCKE
John Locke is widely known as the Father of Liberalism, was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers.
He promoted that humans inherently have the rights of life, liberty, and property.
His contributions are reflected in the American Declaration of Independence.

14. Social Contract Theory
“The only valid government is one based on the consent of the governed.” - Locke
Rulers and citizens enter into an agreement, or a social contract
Government by the people
Jefferson used his model in writing the Declaration of Independence.

15. Locke’s influence on the US
“A state also of equality, wherein all the power and jurisdiction is reciprocal, no one having more than another… - John Locke, of Civil Government
“We hold these truths to be self-evident: That all men are created equal.” Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence

16. ROUSSEAU
Rousseau’s political philosophy heavily influenced the French Revolution, as well as the American Revolution and the overall development of modern political, sociological and educational thought.
According to Rousseau, by joining together into civil society through the social contract, individuals can both preserve themselves and remain free.
"Man is or was born free, and he is everywhere in chains.“
His ideas are in both the Declaration and the Constitution.

17. MONTESQUIEU
Montesquieu was a French social commentator and political thinker who lived during the Enlightenment. He is famous for the theory of Separation of Powers, which has been implemented in many constitutions throughout the world.
“To become truly great, one has to stand with people, not above them.“
“The spirit of moderation should also be the spirit of the lawgiver. “
He influenced the Constitution.

18. VOLTAIRE
Voltaire was a French Enlightenment writer and philosopher famous for his wit and for his advocacy of civil rights and liberties, including freedom of religion and free trade
Many of his ideas influenced the Bill of Rights
“Common sense is not so common. “
“I don't agree with a word you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.”

19. POLITICS-It was a set-up!!
Politics is a process by which groups of people make collective decision
and the methods and tactics used to formulate and apply policy.

20. FEATURES OF GOVERNMENT
GOVERNMENT: an institution with the power to make and enforce rules for a group of people

21. FEATURES OF GOVERNMENT
Law: set of rules made and enforced by government
Government has the authority to set rules for all people living in a state or political unit.
Laws also determine how rules will be enforced (punishment)
Laws are part of public policy-plans and decisions that government makes in a particular area of public concern

22. FEATURES OF GOVERNMENT
SOVEREIGNTY:
Absolute authority that a government has over its citizens

23. FEATURES OF GOVERNMENT
LEGITIMACY: rightful authority any government has over its citizens
What gives government legitimacy?
Divine right-authority from God
Force
Evolution
Social contract-the people give up individual authority in exchange for peace
The Constitution is our social contract
The government has legitimacy because the people give it authority