1. Chemical Bonds
Chapter 6

2. Stable Electron Configurations
When the highest occupied energy level of an atom is filled with electrons, the atom is stable and not likely to react.
Electron dot diagram—is a model of an atom in which each dot represents a valence electrons.

3. Ionic bonds
Some elements achieve stable electron configurations through the transfer of electrons between atoms.

4. Ionic bonds Formation of ions
When an atom gains or loses and electron, the number of protons is no longer equal to the number of electrons.
Ion—an atom that has a net positive or negative electric charge.
The charge on an ion is represented by a plus or a minus sign.

5. Ionic bonds Formation of ions Anion—an ion with a negative charge.
Anions form when an atom gains an electron(s).
When an anion is named you take the root word and add the suffix of –ide.
Cl—chlorine
Root word—chlor
Chloride
Cation—an ion with a positive charge.
Cations from when a n atom loses an electron(s).
When a cation is named you just use the element name.

6. Ionic bonds Formation of Ionic Bonds
Chemical bond—the force that holds atoms or ions together as a unit.
Ionic bond—the force that holds cations and anions together.
Ionic bond forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

7. Ionic bonds
Ionization Energy—the amount of energy used to remove an electron.
An electron can move to a higher energy level when an atom absorbs energy.
Ionization energies generally increase from left to right across a period.
Ionization energies tend to decrease from the top of a group to the bottom.
It takes more energy to remove an electron from a nonmetal than from a metal in the same period.

8. Ionic compounds
Chemical formula—is a notation that shows what elements a compound contains and the ratio of the atoms or ions of these elements in the compound.
The chemical formula for sodium chloride is NaCl.

9. Ionic compounds Crystal lattices
Ions are arranged in an orderly 3-dimensional structure.
Each ion is attracted to all the neighboring ions with an opposite charge.
Set of attractions keeps the ions in fixed positions in a rigid framework, or lattice.
Crystals—solids whose particles are arranged in a lattice structure.

10. Ionic compounds Properties of Ionic Compounds
The properties of an ionic compound can be explained by the strong attractions among ions within a crystal lattice.

11. assignment
Section 6.1 Assessment
Pg 164
#1-8