1. Inhibition of the pacemaker current: a bradycardic therapy for off-pump coronary operations 
Alain Bel, MD, Louis P Perrault, MD, PhD, Bouchaib Faris, MD, Christian Mouas, Jean-Paul Vilaine, MD, Philippe Menasché, MD, PhD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 66, Issue 1, Pages (July 1998)
DOI: /S (98)

2. Fig 1
Comparative effects of the drugs on heart rate. (A) Values at the end of the 60-minute period of drug infusion (∗p < 0.02 versus control, p < 0.03 versus E high, p < versus E low, p < versus N high and low). (B) Pooled values over the 60-minute period of postdrug perfusion (∗p < versus all groups). Values are given as mean ± standard error of the mean. Each group consisted of eight hearts. (C = control (untreated) group; K+ = potassium arrest; E high = esmolol high dose (6 × 10−3 mol/L); E low = esmolol low dose (3 × 10−4 mol/L); N high = nicorandil high dose (10−3 mol/L); N low = nicorandil low dose (10−5 mol/L); S = S (3 × 10−6 mol/L).)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

3. Fig 2
Comparative effects of the drugs on left ventricular diastolic pressure. (A) Values at the end of the 60-minute period of drug infusion (∗p < versus all groups; #p < 0.04 versus N high, p < 0.02 versus N low, p < versus S). (B) Pooled values over the 60-minute period of postdrug perfusion (∗p < versus all groups; #p < versus all groups). Values are given as mean ± standard error of the mean. Each group consisted of eight hearts. (C = control (untreated) group; K+ = potassium arrest; E high = esmolol high dose (6 × 10−3 mol/L); E low = esmolol low dose (3 × 10−4 mol/L); N high = nicorandil high dose (10−3 mol/L); N low = nicorandil low dose (10−5 mol/L); S = S (3 × 10−6 mol/L).)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )