1. Section 3 Obj: Identify the affects of unions during the late 1800s
Chapter 9: Immigration (1860 – 1900)
Section 3 Obj: Identify the affects of unions during the late 1800s
RISE OF UNIONS

2. Work Force Industries grew with the help of a surplus of workers
Immigrants and rural Americans came to the U.S. cities for work
This surplus allowed factories to spend less money on labor
This surplus also led to poor working conditions
12 hour shifts
Dangerous

3. Women & Children Factories tried to hire the cheapest labor
This resulted in many women and children entering the work force
Inventions made it possible for them to work
It did not take much strength or skill to run a machine
This factor also changed the lifestyle of the American family

4. Company Towns In the mining frontier a different labor problem arose
Mine owners created towns near the mines
The company would build houses, schools, stores and churches in the town
Workers would then pay the company money to:
Live in a house
Buy food from the store
Have their children go to school
The company was making it so miners were not making a profit
Miners were unable to save money and leave

5. Pullman Society
We are born in a Pullman house, cradled in a Pullman crib, paid from a Pullman store, taught in a Pullman school, confirmed in a Pullman church, exploited in a Pullman shop, and when we die we'll be buried in a Pullman grave and go to a Pullman hell. (Chicago Evening Journal, February 16, 1918)

6. Labor Unions Unions were created as early as the 1860s
They were created to protect workers by organizing them into a group
Knights of Labor
Organized skilled and unskilled workers
Also allowed women and African Americans
Union was highly secret in its early years
By the 1880s the group was a national force and publicly known

7. Knights of Labor Accepted almost every kind of worker They fought for:
An 8 hr. work day
Termination of child labor
Equal pay for equal work
Government ownership of railroads
In the beginning they opposed the use of strikes
Over time the process became more accepted and effective

8. AFL Samuel Gompers founded the AFL in 1886
The AFL only accepted skilled workers
The AFL was a more conservative organization
Did not use strikes believed in
Campaigned for basic improvements for workers
8 hr. work day
Higher wages
Better working conditions
The AFL was an overall more effective union

9. Violence
A strike is stoppage of work, until the demands of the workers are met
Workers did not get paid and companies did not make money
Strikes would often lead to violence
Haymarket Square Riot
Workers of the KOL went on strike
Demanded a shorter work day
The strikers held a demonstration at the Haymarket Square
Police began to get involved
A pipe bomb was thrown, which killed 11 people
The result was a signal event in the issues of American labor