1. Machines
Simple Machines

2. What is a Machine?
A device that helps us performs tasks. Designed to achieve at least one of the five main functions:
Change energy from one form to another
Hydroelectric plants convert falling water into electricity.
Transfer forces
Car’s transmission transfers energy from engine to wheels.

3. Change the direction of a force
Raising a flag up a pole, using a pulley.
Change the magnitude of a force
Using pulleys to hoist an engine out of a car.
Change distance or speed
Bicycle gears

4. Lever Family of Machines
Consider the teeter-totter below:
Fulcrum: A support around which
a lever can rotate or pivot
Lever: A rigid bar that rotates
freely around a fulcrum.

5. Lever
dL = load arm
dE = effort arm
Fulcrum
Load Force (FL ): The force exerted
by the load on the lever (weight).
Effort Force (FE ): A force applied
to one end of the lever.

6. Types of Levers
First Class Levers: A lever with the fulcrum between the load and the effort force.
Second Class Lever: A lever with the load between the fulcrum and the effort force.
Third Class Lever: A lever with the effort exerted between the fulcrum and the load.

7. Name the Type of Lever
2nd Class
1st Class
3rd Class

8. Inclined Plane Family of Machines
Inclined Plane: A ramp that increases the load that can be raised by an effort force.
Stairs, ramps…
Wedge: A double inclined plane that increases the applied or effort force.
An axe…
Screw: An inclined plane wrapped around a central shaft that increases the applied or effort force.

9. Compound Machine: A machine made up of two or more simple machines.

10. Wheel & Axle