1. Avian Encephalomyelitis (Epidemic tremor)

2. Etiology
Avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV), Enterovirus, Picornaviridae
Isolates are close serolojical There are 2 pathotype
1- Field strains, enterotropic
2- Embryo adapte strains, neurotrophic

3. Epidemiology Chicken, turkey and ducks are sensitive to disease
There is a vertical infection
Transmission is also shaped in the horizontal
The incubation period is at least 11 days in vertical transmission at 1-7 horizontal infections

4. Clinical and macroscopic findings
Depression in young people, ataxia and tremor
Decrease in egg production in laying hens Decrease in incubation yield in studs
Lenste single and / or double-sided opacity
Neurological manifestations occur within 1 week after the incubation
The disease is usually seen at the age of 5-6 weeks, although it has been reported in older people

5. Morbitidy is up to 60%, mortality is15% in affected poultry
Clinical manifestations in turkey are more severe 5-10% decrease in egg yield reaches normal level after 2-3 weeks
About 5% reduction in incubation yield
Weekly death in animals with egg yield increased by 0.2-1%
Macroscopic finding is usually absent

6. Diagnosis
ND, MD, and nutritional encephalomalacies Clinical manifestations are not enough to diagnose the disease.
Histopathological examinations made from affected organs help diagnosis
Virus isolation; ETY 5-6 days inoculation in the egg yolk
VN, ELISA, FAT

7. Control
Vaccines; alive and inactive

8. Infectious Bursal Disease ( IBD, Gumboro)

9. Infectious bursal disease
Common in all over the world
Subclinically immunosuppressive characterized by clinical depression and death,
Infectious disease causing significant economic loss

10. Etiology
The disease contains an influenza virus, double-stranded RNA. The virus is divided into two serotypes
Serotype 1
Serotype 2

11. Serotype 1
Antigenic and pathogenic variants exist
Precursor B is interested in lymphocytes
Bursa Fabriciusa has affinity and limits the function of this organ
Serotype 2
Does not cause disease in chickens

12. Economic evaluation of the disease
High mortality
Decline in growth rate
Decrease in utilization rate of feed
Sensitivity to secondary infection secondary to immunosuppression
Bacterial infections
Viral infections
Parasitic infections
Increase in destruction rate at the slaughterhouse

13. Epidemiology Chicken, turkey and duck are susceptible to disease
It is a very contagious disease
Infectious transmission
Mouth (most common)
Conjunctiva
Respiratory
The disease can be transmitted both directly and indirectly
Indirectly infected equipment, clothing, dust and pads
Black beetles, rodents, mosquito are bearer

14. No vertical transmission
In patients virus out days with the stools
Virus is highly resistant to environmental conditions
Leghorns are more susceptible to disease than other races
Hot weather and high humidity ıncrease death
Men are more sensitive than females
Formaldehyde and iodophores are highly effective

15. Resistivity
High temperature resistance (30 minutes at 60°C)
Resistant to pH changes
Resistant to some of the commercial disinfectants (such as phenol)
100 days in contaminating poultry
Protect 60 days of life in infected feed and stool

16. Patogenesis
Necrosis in lymphoid cells, Bursa Fabricius, spleen and sacral tonsils
T-cells are not affected by virus
Within 4-5 hours following the entry of the causative agent into the body by the oral route, the cells in the lymphoid cells in the septum, duodenum, jejunum and liver and
Viruses are detected in macrophages.
During the stage of viremia, the agent spreads to other lymphoid tissues, especially Bursa Fabricius. after virus infection, remains 9-10 days in Bursa Fabricius

17. Clinical Symptoms Factors affecting severity of clinical findings: Age
Race
Maternal antibody level
Virus virulence

18. The disease is in two different forms;
Acute form
Subclinical form

19. Acute form
Usually 3-6 week old animals
Incubation period 2-3 days
Depression, white colored watery diarrhea, contaminated cloaca
Decrease in feed consumption, increase in water consumption
Discomfort in the fur, slow motion
Shivering and lying on the side
Close your eyes, death
Morbitide is %, mortality is usually 1-20%, rarely 50%
The course of the disease is short (5-7 days)
Mortality is highest in 3-5 days

20. Subclinical form
It forms early (up to 3 weeks)
No specific clinical signs
Regression to development
Immunosuppression
Increased sensitivity to viral and bacterial infections

21. Lezyonlar
Dehidrasyon, bacak ve göğüs kaslarında kanama Ender olarak ön mide mukozasında kanama Bağırsaklarda artmış mukus, Karaciğerde ve dalakta büyüme Bursada önce büyüme, yangı, ödem, renk değişikliği İnfeksiyonun 3-8’inci günlerde bursada atrofi Bursadaki büyüme klinik belirtilerin başlangıcının göstergesi Çok virulent suşların neden olduğu infeksiyonlarda, bursanın etrafında jelatinöz bir sıvı birikimi Böbreklerde nefrozis, solgunluk ve şişkinlik

22. Diagnosis Acute form Anamnesis Clinical symptoms
It is defined by necropsy

23. Subclinical form
Diagnosis is difficult due to lack of clinical findings
This is why laboratory examinations are used

24. Diagnosis Display of virus in tissues (IFT, IPT)
Virus isolation (Cell culture, EY, DH)
Serological tests (ELISA, AGID, VNT)
Molecular techniques (PCR, RT / PCR / RE)

25. Miscible with many diseases
coccidiosis ND HS
Vitamin A deficiency

26. Protection and Control
General protection
Disinfection
Good care-feeding
Stress factors to be removed
Correction of poultry conditions Implementation of training programs
Special protection
Vaccinations