1. Ch. 12 Recovery & Rebirth: The Age of the Renaissance
FQ: What characteristics distinguish the Renaissance from the Middle Ages?

2. Question #1
In one sentence, describe how Swiss historian Jacob Burkhardt portrayed Italy in his book, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (1860).
Which two characteristics of the Renaissance did Burkhardt exaggerate in his work?

3. Historiography of the Renaissance
1860 – Jacob Burkhardt (Swiss historian) wrote The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy
-portrayed Italy as the birthplace of modern Europe
-exaggerated individuality & secularism while failing to recognize the depths of religious sentiment.

4. Question #2
The Renaissance was a time period of “recovery”. List three events it was recovering from.

5. What was the Renaissance?
Age of Recovery from:
-Black Death
-Economic recession
-Political disorder

6. Question #3
List five characteristics of the Renaissance:

7. Characteristics of the Renaissance
Rediscovery of classical antiquity led to new attempts to reconcile the pagan philosophy of the Greco-Roman world with Christian thought.
Emphasis on the individual
Wealthy-upper class achievements
Crash Course – The Renaissance

8. FQ: What major social changes occurred during the Renaissance?

9. Question #4
What are three factors that played a role in the economic recovery during the Renaissance?

10. Economic recovery
Flanders, Bruges (port city) became the economic crossroads of Europe in the 14th century.
Woolen industries and trade recover.
New mining industries for copper, silver and iron which led to improved weaponry.

11. Question #5
Describe one social change involving the nobility during the Renaissance.

12. Social changes Nobility became more concerned with:
-military/bodily exercises
-Education & art
-Code of conduct (modesty)
The Book of the Courtier by Baldassare Castiglione

13. Question #6
List the urban societal hierarchy during the Italian Renaissance:

14. Urban societal hierarchy
Patricians = trade, industry, banking
Petty burghers = shopkeepers, artisans, guild masters
Propertyless workers (30-40% of population)
Slaves

15. FQ: How did Machiavelli’s works reflect the political realities of Renaissance Italy?

16. Question #7
List the five major Italian states during the Renaissance:

17. Five Major Italian States
Milan
Venice
Florence
Papal States
Naples

18. Question #8
These two Italian states where located in Northern Italy and each developed a sophisticated tax system. Both were also governed by merchant oligarchies.

19. Northern Italy Milan and Venice = Visconti & Sforza rulers
-highly centralized territorial states
-sophisticated taxation led to increased revenues
-governed by oligarchy of merchant- aristocrats

20. Question #9
Which Italian state was known as the epicenter of the Early Renaissance Art movement? It experienced a “golden age” of art under the rule of which Italian family?

21. Florence
Dominated Tuscany. Controlled by small merchant oligarchy under the disguise of a republic.
Ugly side of Renaissance Florence included:
-gross inequality between rich and poor
-poverty, crime and disease were rampant

22. Question #10
The Renaissance Popes reestablished control over which Italian state?

23. Papal States and Naples
Renaissance popes had to reestablish control over the Papal States.
Kingdom of Naples (southern Italy) was poverty stricken and shared little in the cultural glories of the Renaissance.