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Advanced Higher Chemistry

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Presentation on theme: "Advanced Higher Chemistry"— Presentation transcript:

1 Advanced Higher Chemistry
Unit 1 Shapes of molecules and Polyatomic Ions

2 Shapes of Molecules We can predict the shape of molecules or polyatomic ions (group ions) by looking at the number of electron pairs. There are two types of electron pairs: bonding and non-bonding (lone pairs).

3 Electron Pairs Bonding electron pairs are the two electrons you would find in a covalent bond. Non-bonding (or lone pairs) are electrons which are already paired on the atom.

4 Shapes The direction of a covalent bonds is determined by the number of orbitals occupied by electron pairs and the repulsion between these orbitals . Non-bonded pairs have a greater repulsive effect than that of a bonded pair.

5 Order of repulsion The order of repulsion is: bonded:bonded<bonded:lone<lone:lone

6 Linear Two filled orbitals, two bonding pairs. Cl ÷ Be ÷ Cl
Beryllium chloride has two bonded pairs of electrons. These two pairs will be as far apart as possible resulting in the bonds being 180 degrees apart.

7 Trigonal Planar Three filled orbitals, al bonding pairs.

8

9

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