1. “when, since, after, because” without using clue words
Ablative Absolute
“when, since, after, because”
without using clue words

2. Formation
The ablative absolute includes a participle of the verb, usually the past participle but others are used, and usually a noun in the ablative.
The translation into English yields a clause, yet the Latin is a phrase.

3. exempla Amata puella Since the girl was loved
Because the girl was loved
Cane ambulato
Since the dog was walked
After the dog as walked
When the dog was walked
Because the dog was walked

4. Necessary Parts
Each basic A.A. needs a noun in the ablative and a verb participle in the ablative
Verbs have participles in three tenses: present, past, and future, but the first two are of primary importance.

5. Present participle Verb infinitive minus “re” plus “ns”
For 3rd io and 4th, “iens”
Amare-re=ns=amans (loving)
Capere-re+iens=capiens (taking)
These participles decline in the 3rd declension chart.

6. Past participles Formation for regular verbs is inf- re+tus,a,um
Amare-re=tus=amatus (having been loved) Or
Irregular verbs…look them up.
Duco>ductum
Spargere>sparsum
Traho>tractum

7. exempla Puero tracto (after the boy was dragged)
Agricola visa (when the farmer was seen)
Cane ducto (since the dog was led)

8. Translate the following A.A. Phrases into acceptable English clauses
Turno necato
Pallante viso
Lavinia amata
Latinis defensis
Cingulis aureis captis
Feminis vocatis
Discipulis doctis

9. Practice Present participles
Turn each of the following into the present participle form
Capere
Venire
Ambulare
Videre
Stare
Currere