1. Polar and Non-polar Covalent Bonds
Polar Bond - When the electron pair in a covalent bond is NOT
shared equally
H EN = 2.1
Cl EN = 3.0
EN = 0.8
 = 1.03 D
=q*d
(unit Debyes (D))
(pg. 298)
Non-Polar Bond - When the electron pair in a covalent bond is
shared equally
H EN = 2.1
EN = 0.0
 = 0.0 D

2. CO2 Lewis Dot Structure VSEPR VB O=C=O Linear OCO  180o sp hybridized
non-polar molecule
no net dipole

3. non-polar molecule No net dipole
BF3
Lewis Dot Structure
VSEPR
Trigonal Planar FBF  120o VB
sp2
non-polar molecule No net dipole

4. NO2- Lewis Dot VSEPR VB The Molecular Geometry (Shape) is Bent sp2 
polar
net dipole + ..  .. .. ..
O-N=O - .. ..

5. CH4 Lewis Dot Structure VSEPR VB Tetrahedral HCH  109.5o sp3 H C
non-polar
no net dipole
polar
net dipole

6. NH3 Lewis Dot Structure VSEPR VB pyramidal HNH  107.3o sp3 polar
net dipole .. H N H H
polar
net dipole
NF3
FNF  102.1o

7. H2O Lewis Dot Structure VSEPR VB
Bent HOH  o Due to e- repulsion of lp VB
sp3
polar
net dipole .. H O H ..
sp3

8. PF5 Lewis Dot Structure VSEPR VB
Trigonal Bipyramidal FPF 90.0o & 120.0o & 180.0o VB
sp3d F F F P
non-polar
no net dipole F F

9. SF4 Lewis Dot Structure VSEPR VB
Seesaw FSF  101.6o & 177o due to lp repulsion VB
sp3d
polar
net dipole F F S F F

10. ClF3
VSEPR
T-Shaped VB
sp3d
polar
net dipole

11. XeF2
VSEPR
Linear VB
sp3d
non-polar
no net dipole

12. SF6 Lewis Dot Structure VSEPR VB Octahedral FSF 90.0o & 180.0o sp3d2
non-polar
no net dipole

13. VSEPR
Square Pyramidal VB
sp3d2
polar
net dipole

14. VSEPR
Square Planar VB
sp3d2
non-polar
no net dipole

15. Computational Chemistry

16.  and  bonding C2H4 sp2 on Carbon H H : : CH4 sp3 on Carbon C : : C :

17. Benzene
sp2 on the Carbon atoms
has 2 resonance structures
pz orbital on the Carbon atoms