1. CLASSIFICATION

2. Why do we classify things?
Classification provides scientists and students a way to sort and group organisms for easier study.
There are millions of organisms on the earth! (approximately 1.5 million have been already named)
Organisms are classified by their: * physical structure (how they look) * evolutionary relationships * embryonic similarities (embryos) * genetic similarities (DNA) * biochemical similarities

4. UNITY AND DIVERSITY
All living things carry out the life functions. There are many different types of organisms.
In one classification system, there are 2 main groups. In others, there are 3. In the one used by most of the world's scientists, which we will also use, there are 5 main groups. All living things are placed in one of the five KINGDOMS...which are the most general group. They are then broken down into smaller groups, then smaller groups, then smaller and so on until there is just one... SPECIES is the most specific group...

5. K P C O F G S
Now your turn, create a sentence with the first letter of each word!

6. Binomial Nomenclature

9. TAXONOMY--the branch of science that classifies and names living things.
NOMENCLATURE--a system for naming things
In biology there is a two-word system that is used to name organisms. It is called BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE (a two named-- naming system).
Carolus Linnaeus devised this in the 1800's using these two subgroups for the name: GENUS & SPECIES (more general) (more specific)
Humans are known as Homo sapiens

10. MONERA PROTISTA FUNGI PLANT ANIMAL
The Five Kingdoms
MONERA PROTISTA FUNGI PLANT ANIMAL

13. Organisms are groups among these five kingdoms by:
the presence or absence of a nuclear membrane
unicellular (one cell) or multi-cellular (many cells)
the type of nutrition used by the organism (heterotrophic or autotrophic)

16. I. Kingdom MONERA
have a primitive cell structure lacking a nuclear membrane—PROKARYOTE
most of this kingdom are unicellular (some exist in multicellular clusters)
two main phyla
A) Bacteria (heterotrophic) B) Blue-green algae (autotrophic)

17. II. Kingdom PROTISTA
has a membrane around the nucleus of the cell— EUKARYOTIC
predominantly unicellular
two main phyla
A) Protozoa--animal like nutrition (heterotrophic)
ex. paramecia, ameba B) Algae--plant like nutrition (autotrophic)
ex. spirogyra

18. III. Kingdom FUNGI
has a membrane around the nucleus of the cell— EUKARYOTIC
absorbs food from its environment (heterotrophic), does NOT ingest it!
organized into branched, multinucleated filaments
ex. bread molds (multicellular) mushrooms (multicellular) yeast (unicellular)

19. (photo=light) (synthesis=to make)
IV. Kingdom PLANTS
has a membrane around the nucleus of the cell— EUKARYOTIC
Multi-cellular organisms
photosynthetic organisms (autotrophic)
(photo=light) (synthesis=to make)
PHOTOSYNTHESIS=TO MAKE FROM LIGHT

20. V. Kingdom ANIMAL largest of 5 kingdoms
has a membrane around the nucleus of the cell— EUKARYOTIC
Multi-cellular
ingests their food (heterotrophic)