1. What are the key differences
between Surgery in 1840
and modern surgery?
What has facilitated this change?
What has made the changes
possible?

2. Lesson Objectives
To explain the reasons why new technology has lead to medical progress
To identify how heart surgery was made possible
To explain the problems still faced by modern surgery

3. Why did heart surgery become possible? Progress in High –Tech surgery
Problems in
heart surgery
Why did heart surgery
become possible?
Christiaan Barnard
Cyclosporin and Chance
Green book p

4. What is keyhole surgery?
Surgeons have now developed techniques that mean surgery can be performed through minimal invasion or opening up of the body
New technology has been vital in this process

5. What is radiation therapy?
Often used to treat cancerous tumours without actually cutting them or it helps to shrink them to make surgery more managable
Avoids infection and can be used when it is too dangerous to operate due to the location of the tumour

6. What problems does modern surgery still face?
Cost
Number of patients
Time
Lack of suitable donors for transplant operations