1. FEDERALISM

2. Federalism
The division of power between the National and State levels of government
NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
STATE GOVERNMENT
STATE CHARTERS

3. In a Federal System:
there are at least two levels of government that can make decisions independent of each other
the levels of government have a protected right to exist
United States, Canada, Australia, India, Germany, and Switzerland

4. In a Federal System: The sub national (state) governments
exist partly by Constitution
by habits, preferences, and dispositions of citizens
Actual distribution of political power in society

5. Federalism
The single most cause of distention between states and national government
Usual argument is whether the national government has the right to impose rule on the states or if the states should decide

6. Other Types of Government
Unitary- One level of government with local branches that may be altered or abolished such as Great Britain, Japan, Italy, and France

7. Federalism
Since the 104th Congress it has been the national goal to shift responsibility back to states.
Known as Devolution
Today called devolution revolution

8. Woodrow Wilson
“the cardinal question of our Constitutional system” is the continuously changing relationship of the national and state governments.
Today- The states are to take on more of the domestic government in the devolution revolution- do Americans want this?

9. State Run Programs
Federal funds and regulations with state implementation occurs in these areas:
Welfare programs
Interstate highway system
Urban renewal programs
Employment and unemployment agencies
Water and air programs
National guard

10. Federalism: good or bad?
Laski: Federalism impedes progress of the nation for sectionalism
Riker: Federalism perpetuates racism
Elazar: Federalism allows for growth and change and gives flexibility to the system
Book: federalism allows individuals to take part and have ownership

11. The Founders
A Federal republic with both national and state having separate and independent powers.
Both equal in power
Never before done- no clear plan
10th amendment gives power to the states but is not clear
Constitution article 1 section 10 only states what the states cannot do.

12. Founders 10th amendment gives power to the states but is not clear
Constitution; Article 1, section 10 only states what the states cannot do.

13. The Elastic Clause
Interstate commerce was a provision of the national government.
Defining what was interstate and intrastate commerce was not possible
The elastic clause- that Congress could make all laws necessary and proper to carry out their given duties is known as the necessary and proper clause.

14. Nullification
Madison and Jefferson first introduced the doctrine of nullification in response to the alien and sedition acts.
John C. Calhoun used their arguments to oppose a tariff and later attempts to restrict slavery.
Doctrine of nullification used by the South to secede

15. DUEL FEDERALISM National government supreme in it’s area
States supreme in their areas
The two should not mix.
Supreme Court could not decide on commerce question

16. State Sovereignty
U.S. V. Lopez- Congress went to far in banning guns in school zones
U.S. v. Morrison- the 1994 Violence against women Act is unconstitutional.-local issue
Printz v. U.S.- Federal government cannot require the states to carry out their regulatory program

17. State Sovereignty
Alden v. Maine- state employees cannot sue to require states to follow federal fair-labor laws
Fed. Maritime Commission v. S. C. Port Authority- expanded state immunity to lawsuits

18. State Sovereignty
Initiative- voters demand through petition for an issue to be placed on the ballot and voted on by the general public.
Referendum- the legislature places the issue before the public for them to decide
Recall- voters remove an elected official by asking for a new election

19. Federal-state relations
Grant-in-aid
Land grants
For college
Canals and roads
Flood control projects
Cash grants- intergovernmental lobby
Federal money
State run programs

20. Appeal of Grant –in -aid
Surplus money
16th amendment income tax
Government controlled money supply
Politics- state governors could denounce federal spending while using federal funds.
All states get funding for the same things
Ex: homeland security equipment

21. Categorical grants Federal aid for a specific purpose
Shift is to revenue sharing and block grants
Revenue sharing- both fed and state put up percentages of the cost of a project

22. Block grants
Block Grants: several categorical grant programs in one grant with fewer restrictions
More state power and control
Few are given

23. Grants in Aid
Terms are set by the national government for the use of their fund called conditions of aid
The Fed. Government also has mandates
Conditions states must follow even if they do not get or use the grant money
Read and understand the section on mandates and conditions of aid.

24. Devolution Block Grant
Money from the National government to the states
Used for certain programs
Used by state discretion
Broad Federal guidelines set by Congress or Federal Agencies