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Physical and Chemical Properties
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Physical Properties Characteristics that distinguish one type of matter from another. Can be observed Identity of the matter being observed is not changed.
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Physical Properties Density Melting Point Boiling Point
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Density The amount of matter in a given space, or volume D=M/V
Corn Oil Water Shampoo Dish Detergent Antifreeze Maple Syrup The amount of matter in a given space, or volume D=M/V Example: Oil & Water ________
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Melting and boiling point are physical properties.
Melting point → the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid Boiling point → the temperature at which a liquid boils, or changes from a liquid to a gas
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Other Types of Physical Properties
Color Odor Size Shape Texture Hardness Magnetic Phase of Matter Solubility Elasticity Motion Temperature Sound Taste Viscosity Metallic / Nonmetallic Luster Ductility Malleability Conductivity Compressibility Radioactivity Organic Inorganic Show magnet and iron fillings
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Examples The front board is white. Table tops are a rectangle.
The glass in the windows is an amorphous solid. The faucet is metallic. The globe is magnetic. The odor in the room is pleasant. The soil in the terrarium is organic. The fish tank water is not very viscous.
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Chemical Properties Characteristics that describe the "potential" to undergo some chemical change or reaction by virtue of its composition
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Chemical Properties Reactivity Combustibility
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Reactivity The ability of two or more substances to combine and form one or more new substances
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Flammability The ability of a substance to catch fire quickly
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Combustibility The ability of a substance to burn
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Physical and Chemical Changes
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What is a Physical Change?
A physical change alters (changes) the form of a substance, but does not change it to another substance. Example: Making Orange Juice
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What is a Chemical Change?
When a substance undergoes a chemical change, it is changed into a different substance with different properties. Example: Baking a Cake
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Signs of a Chemical Change
Color Change Precipitation
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Precipitation Precipitation – the solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reaction. It looks like a cloudy solid in an otherwise clear solution.
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Signs of a Chemical Change
Gas Production Temperature Change
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Signs of a Chemical Change
Changes in Characteristic Properties (odor, light given off)
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Chemical or Physical Change?
Cutting paper? Physical
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Chemical or Physical Change?
Ice melting? Physical
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Changes in States of Matter
All changes in state of matter are physical!
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Chemical or Physical Change?
Rocket fuel burning? Chemical
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Chemical or Physical Change?
Toast burning? Chemical
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Chemical or Physical Change?
Sawing wood? Physical
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Chemical or Physical Change?
Metal rusting? Chemical
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Chemical or Physical Change?
Disappearing puddle? Physical
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Chemical or Physical Change?
Candle burning? Chemical
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Chemical or Physical Change?
Dry ice? Physical
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