1. IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
Presented by :
ANISHA RAJ BHENGRA

2. DEFINITION
The process of supplying moisture to crop and plants is known as Irrigation.
There are two main types of irrigation systems: low flow and high flow . Both can be utilized in one garden if needed.
Low flow systems refer to micro spray, drip emitters, or drip lines .
High flow systems are fixed spray, rotor, impact, bubbler, and soaker hose .

3. SOURCES
About 84 per cent of the water resources of India are used for Irrigation.
The main sources includes :
Canals
Wells and tube-wells
Tanks and other sources (springs, drip, sprinklers, etc.).

4. METHODS OF IRRIGATION It includes : Sprinkler Irrigation Method
Traditional Irrigation Method
Modern Irritating Method
It includes :
Check basin method
Furrow irrigation method
Strip irrigation method
Basin irrigation method
It includes :
Sprinkler Irrigation Method
Drip Irrigation Method
Pot Irrigation Method.

5. FURROW IRRIGATION Figure3 : Furrow irrigation
Furrows are small channels, which carry water down the land slope between the crop rows.
Water infiltrates into the soil as it moves along the slope.
The crop is usually grown on the ridges between the furrows (figure3).
This method is suitable for all row crops and for crops that cannot stand in water for long periods (e.g hours).
Figure3 : Furrow irrigation

6. BASIN IRRIGATION METHOD
Basins are flat areas of land, surrounded by low bunds.
The bunds prevent the water from flowing to the adjacent fields.
Trees can also be grown in basins, where one tree is usually located in the middle of a small basin (Figure2)
In general, the basin method is suitable for crops that are unaffected by standing in water for long periods (e.g hours).
Figure1: Basin irrigation on hillside
Figure2 : Basin irrigation for trees

7. SPRINKLER IRRIGATION
Sprinkler irrigation is similar to natural rainfall.
Water is pumped through a pipe system and then sprayed onto the crops through rotating sprinkler heads.
Figure4 : A sprinkler
Figure5 : sprinkler irrigation

8. DRIP IRRIGATION METHOD
With drip irrigation, water is conveyed under pressure through a pipe system to the fields, where it drips slowly onto the soil through emitters or drippers which are located close to the plants.
Only the immediate root zone of each plant is wetted. Therefore this can be a very efficient method of irrigation (Figure 6). Drip irrigation is sometimes called trickle irrigation.
Figure6 : Drip irrigation in field

9. FUNCTIONS OF IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
Whatever irrigation method is being chosen, its purpose is always to attain a better crop and a higher yield.
Therefore proper design, construction and irrigation practice are of utmost importance.
Maintenance, the after-care of the system to keep it functioning as well as possible, is often neglected. This always results in a lower irrigation efficiency, and thus less benefit from the irrigation system.
It is recommended to give canals, structures and methods a regular check-up and to repair damage immediately.

10. CONCLUSION
Irrigation maintains moisture in the soil. Moisture is necessary for the germination of seeds.
Water supplies two essential elements, hydrogen and oxygen to the crop.
Irrigation is necessary for the absorption of mineral nutrients by the plants from the soil.
It is essential for the growth of the roots of the crop plants.