1. Fromkin's Utterance Generator
Stage 1: ‘Meaning’ to be conveyed
Syntactic structure generator
Semantic structure generator
Stage 2: Syntactic-semantic structures
Intonation contour generator
Stage 3: Structures with primary stress
And intonation specified
Stage 4: Words are selected from the
lexicon
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2. Stage 4: Strings of segments divided in syllables-
Syntactic/ phonological F’s specified
Morphophonemic rules
Stage 5: Strings of phonetic segments
Phonetic (phonological) rules
Stage 6: Fully specified phonetic
segments in syllables
Motor commands to muscles
Utterance
*Note: Stages Sub-stages

3. The Garrett Model 1. Conceptual level 2. Sentence level
Functional
Positional
Sound
3. Articulatory level

4. Output: Preverbal message
Levelt's Model
Conceptualization
Conceive Intention
Output: Preverbal message
Formulator
Grammatical encoder
Phonological encoder

5. Dell's Model
Concepts
Words
Semantic
Phonological
Sounds