2. DNA "The Blueprint of Life"

4. DNA stands for... DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

5. DNA FACTS established by James Watson and Francis Crick Shape of a double helix

6. codes for your genes (traits) made of repeating subunits called nucleotides

7. What is a nucleotide? Has three parts: PHOSPHATE DEOXYRIBOSE (sugar) BASE (A,T,G,C)

8. Base-Pair Rule Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine The sides of the DNA ladder are phosphate & sugar held together by hydrogen bonds

9. Base Pair Rule One side: A T A T C A T G C G G G Other side:

12. How the Code Works The combination of A,T,G,C determines what traits you might have, for ex. C A T C A T = purple hair T A C T A C = yellow hair

13. Think of the bases of DNA like letters. Letters form words.... Words form sentences.... *endless combinations

14. Let's Review What We Know About DNA 1. DNA stands for: De _____ ribo ______ acid 2. What is the shape of DNA? _______________ 3. Who established the structure of DNA? ____________ 4. Adenine always pairs with _______________ 5. The sides of the DNA ladder are deoxyribose and _____ 6. Guanine always pairs with _____________ 7. What is the complimentary sequence: A A T G C A 8. The two sides of DNA are held together by _______ bonds. 9. DNA is composed of repeating subunits called ______________________ 10. What are the 4 bases that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder? _______________________________________

15. DNA REPLICATION the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself (cell division) SEMI-CONSERVATIVE - half of the old strand is saved

17. RNA - the messenger *single strand *ribose sugar *contains no thymine, uracil instead *can leave the nucleus *follows base pair rule DNA: A T A G C G RNA:

18. RNA carries the "message" to the ribosomes, where proteins are made

20. DNA --> RNA --> Protein Proteins are the building blocks of the organism (traits)

21. Transcription - process where RNA is made from DNA, occurs in the nucleus of the cell Translation - process where proteins are made from RNA, occurs in the cytoplasm

23. 22 DNA by the Numbers Each cell has about 2 m of DNA. The average human has 75 trillion cells. The average human has enough DNA to go from the earth to the sun more than 400 times. DNA has a diameter of only 0.000000002 m. The earth is 150 billion m or 93 million miles from the sun.