1. Introduction to AP Human Geography – Day 2: Thematic Maps, 5 Themes

2. Map legend/key
For analysis purposes special attention MUST be placed on the map index or legend
Identifies:
scale
symbols
color coding

3. Type? Identifying Features? Purpose?
Graduated symbol map
Symbols of diff sizes = diff amnts of something
Larger sz = more (single men or single women)
Easy to see where the largest + smallest of some phenomena are by comparing the symbols

4. Graduated Symbol Map

5. Thematic Types of Maps: choropleth
unit is assigned color
best = use shades of same color
darker = greater occurrence of the phenomenon being analyzed
strength
shows dominance of a trait
weakness
level of aggregation/generalization must be considered.
could give false conclusion
must compare “apples to apples”

7. Thematic Maps: dot density maps
dots indicate # of occurrences (crime, cholera) in a given area.
1 dot = some quantity of data
Jon Snow’s cholera map
London, Traced cholera outbreak to water pump, link deaths to water.
Dot map w/ layers of quantitative data.
“Collected the dots” - Where pumps were, where deaths occurred, exceptions
early ex. of spatial analysis + use of GIS – (geographic information)
can be described using the 3 properties of a distribution
1854 in London – cholera outbreak; 2.5 mill people.
Cesspools of human waste in basement
City was smelly – livestock, cows in attics
Cholera was killing people People thought the smell was killing ppl –> creating diseases; dumping waste in water increased cholera
It’s a water-borne disease, not from the air.
Jon Snow – local doctor, argued that cholera was water-borne disease. No one believed him
1854 – little girl becomes sick, contaiminates water in popular water pump. Then 10% of neighborhood will die in 7 days
Ppl dying within 48 hrs
Snow went there asap – to pinpoint where/how it started + prove cholera was waterborne – figured it was a single point source
Sno made map of outbreak – found ppl who drank out of pump were getting it, ppl who hadn’t weren’t
Created dot diagram map – black bars at each address
By 1866, authorities had been convinced it was the water, built sewers, and told ppl to boil their water.
Last time London had a cholera outbreak

8. Steven Johnson Ghost Map Video (cholera)

9. Thematic Types of Maps: isoline
similar data is connected by lines
always used for elevation
ex: barometric pressure on weather maps
Data bands assigned colors = isopleth

10. “isoline”
“isopleth”

11. Thematic Types of Maps: flow line maps
Shows movement of people, information, and goods between places

12. Types of Maps: Topographic
Reflects the Earth’s physical features (terrain, elevation)

13. Graphs in the form of “maps”: Cartograms
Distorts size of a map units to allow comparison of data.
more of a “graph” concept than a map = graph in map form
More of a 50/50 election

14. 2008 Election Results
Land doesn’t vote; people vote.

15. A cartogram of world population by country shows a very large China and India, but you can hardly see Canada + Australia.

16. Five Themes of Geography
Where? (most basic question)
How can this location be described?
With what other locations does this place share certain characteristics?
How have humans and the environment affected each other in this location?
How has this location been affected by the flow of people, goods and ideas?
Location
Place
Region
Interaction
Movement
Insert a map of your country.

17. Five Themes of Geography mnemonic
Movement
Region
Location
Interaction
Place
= “Mr. Lip”
Insert a picture of one of the geographic features of your country.

18. 2 ways to describe location:
Location: Where (most important theme)
2 ways to describe location:
Absolute or “Exact” Location:
Fixed point on earth’s surface.
Using latitude + longitude
Another type = street address, “townships”
Relative Location:
Where something is, in reference to something else.
Can importance of a place.
Ex. “IL is south of WI; San Francisco is 350 miles north of L.A.; Jupiter, FL is north of West Palm Beach.”

19. In notebook, answer questions:
What is the absolute location of Lane Tech?
What is Lane Tech’s relative location?

20. Land Ordinance of 1785
Div. U.S. into “townships” + ranges - made land sales in NW Territory easier (IL, IN, MI, OH, WI)
“squares” to be sold
Township = 36 sq miles. (6x6)
Each township divided up into sections – further divided & sold.
Each township has # corresponding to a distance + a range corresponding to its location east or west of a principal meridian.
Important to understanding location of objects in US:
highways across midwest, farm field in Iowa, streets in Chicago
Congress didn’t have power to raise revenue through direct taxation. This was way to raise $$$ through sale of land in unmapped territory west. (North

21. Location Tools GPS (Global Positioning System)
Connects to satellites to tell you exactly where you are on earth (absolute location, direction, velocity)
Just a navigation tool; doesn’t make customizable maps – just tells you where you are.

22. Location Tools (continued)
GIS (geographic info. system)
Storage/analysis of data in layers
Software tool combines multiple sources of info to create layers of customizable electronic maps (traffic, weather, topography, food, crime, real estate)
Ghost map/John Snow: (1) map of water pumps, (2) map of deaths, (3) map of exceptions
Remote sensing
Collects detailed data about Earth’s surface from satellite orbiting planet “remotely” or from other long distance methods.
Why might we use remote sensing??
Videos:
GIS:
GIS vs. GPS -
What is GIS -
Remote sensing -
Lecture:

23. GIS example

24. Geocaching + Pokemon Go

25. Video: What is GIS?

26. Video: How GIS Works

27. Video: “What is Remote Sensing?”