1. Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass
Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Belgrade, Serbia
Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass
Dr Marija Mihajlović
“Development of technologies and products based on mineral raw materials and waste biomass with the aim of protecting resources for the safe food production “
Project TR31003 financed by the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development

2. Biosorbents (heavy metals, mycotoxins, dyes)*,**,***,****
Our project team has continuity in development of new materials: based on natural and modified aluminosilicates (zeolite, bentonite, diatomite) and raw industrial and agricultural waste biomass (lignocelulosic)
Biosorbents (heavy metals, mycotoxins, dyes)*,**,***,****
Fertilizers ****
Feed supplements
Peach stone *
Apricot stone
Corn silk **
Corn cob
Grape pomace
Eurasian water-milfoil***
(Myriophylum spicatum)
Miscanthus × giganteus
Paulownia elongata 
*Lopičić Z. Stojanović M. Marković S. Milojković J., Mihajlović M., Kaluđerović Radoičić T., Kijevčanin M. Effects of different mechanical treatments on structural changes of lignocellulosic waste biomass and subsequent Cu(II) removal kinetics, Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2016, In Press
***Petrović M., Šoštаrić T., Stojаnović M., Milojković J., Mihаjlović M., Stаnojević M., Stаnković s., Removаl of Pb2+ ions by rаw Corn silk (Zeа Mаys L. ) аs а novel biosorbent, - Journаl of the Tаiwаn Institute of Chemicаl Engineers,
****Milojković J.V., Mihаjlović M.L., Stojаnović M.D., Lopičić Z.R., Petrović M.S., Šoštаrić T.D., Ristić M.Đ.: Pb(II) removаl from аqueous solution by Myriophyllum spicаtum аnd its compost: equilibrium, kinetic аnd thermodynаmic study, - Journаl of Chemicаl Technology & Biotechnology, 2014, 89(5), pp. 662–670
***** Mihаjlović M., Perišić N., Pezo L., Stojаnović M., Milojković J., Lopičić Z., Petrović M.Utilizаtion of Phosphаte Rock from Lisinа for Direct Applicаtion: Releаse of Plаnt Nutrients in the Exchаnge-Fertilizer Mixtures, Journаl of Agriculturаl аnd Food Chemistry, 2014, 62(41), pp 9965–9973.

3. Hydrothermal carbonization-HTC
(Wet pyrolysis)
Process proposed in the early 20th Century *, as a simulation of the natural formation of coal +
Biomass and biowaste
The precursors are readily available, cheap, and renewable
Process is “green” , simple and efficient
Wet biomass load
Usage of unconventional biomasses
No CH4 or CO2 release into the atmosphere
Temperature °C
Autogenic pressure <10 bar
Subcritical condition of water
HTC
Hydrochar
Process water
Phenolic compounds
Organic acids (levulinic, acetic, formic, maleic acid, etc)
HMF etc.
Energy-dense solid (18-36 MJ/kg)**
Abundant with polar oxygen-containing surface functional groups (-OH, -COOH, C=O)
Tunanble surface chemistry
 *F. Bergius (1931) Chemical reactions under high pressure. Nobel Foundation (Lecture Note), p. 1–33.
**M. Mihajlović*, J. Petrović1, M. Stojanović, J. Milojković, Z. Lopičić1, M. Koprivica, Č. Lačnjevac, (2016) Hydrochars, perspective adsorbents of heavy metals: a review of the current state of studies. Zaštita Materijala, 3, In Press 2

4. HTC optimization Chracteristics of hydrochars depends primarily of:
Feedstock type
Temperature
Reaction time
Important to know chemical structure of HTC products as a function of production conditions in order to understand its roles and utilize it benificially
Fig.1. PLSR results of FT-NIR and FT-IR spectra , presented as correlation loadings plot for GP and HC obtained at 180, 200 and 220 °C *
Fig.2. HPLC-MS chromatograms of GP-PWs obtained at 180, 200 and 220 °C*
* J. Petrović, N. Perišić, J. Dragišić Maksimović, V. Maksimović, M. Kragović, M. Stojanović, M. Laušević, M. Mihajlović (2016) Hydrothermal conversion of grape pomace: detailed characterization of obtained hydrochar and liquid phase, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 118, 267–277.

5. Applications of hydrochars Current investigations
Adsorbents of heavy metals
Carbon sequestration
Soil conditioners
Carriers of microorgansms
Figure 3. Effect of process parameters on Pb2+ adsorption onto GP-HC and GP- HCact: (a) pH, (b) adsorbent dosage, (c) contact time and (d) initial Pb2+ concentration*
Fig. 4 . Effect of contact time on adsorption of copper by HC-GP (pH=5.0, sorbent dose 0.5 g L-1, initial metal concentration 1mM, T = 25°C)**
J. Petrović, M. Stojanović, J. Milojković, M. Petrović, T. Šoštarić, M. Laušević, M. Mihajlović (2016) Alkali modified hydrochar of grape pomace as a perspective adsorbent of Pb2+ from aqueous solution Journal of Environmental Management, 182,
** J. Petrović, M. Stojanović, J. Milojković, M. Petrović, Z. Lopičić1, T. Šoštarić, M. Mihajlović (2016) Biosorption of Cu2+ from aqueous solution by hydrochar of grape pomace, Natural resources, green tecnology & sustainable development , Conference paper.

6. Future interests Applications of hydrochar in nanotechnology
Usage of biomass-derived carbons to catalyze the production of chemicals or biofuels integrated into future biorefinery schemes offering the co-production of biofuels, platform chemicals and energy
Applications of hydrochar in nanotechnology
Heterogeneous Catalysis
Catalyst Supports
Electrocatalysis in Fuel Cells
Photocatalysis
Hydrochars and hybrids with a basic or acid character could play a specific role for various catalytic reactions when used as solid catalysts.

7. Institute for technology of nuclear and other mineral raw materials
Thanks for your attention !
Institute for technology of nuclear and other mineral raw materials
86 Franchet d’Esperey St.,
11000 Belgrade, Serbia ,
Hvala na pažnji