1. Human Growth and Development
Day #3
September 12, 2012
Fort Omaha 2 – 3:55 p.m.

2. Agenda for Day #3
Cohort group activity
Review theory notes
Methods

3. Review of Theory covered in class #2
Psychoanalytic theory – Freud, Erikson (psychosexual and psychosocial stages)
Behavioral theory (Learning theory) – Pavlov, Skinner, Bandura (learning by association, consequence and imitation)
Cognitive theory – Piaget, Kohlberg, Chomsky (thinking, morality, language)
Humanism – Maslow and Rogers (free will and openness to change)

4. Theories Generate Research And Are Strengthened By Good Studies.
Methods

5. PSYC 1120 Human Development
Research Methods
PSYC 1120
Human Development

6. Steps in the method Identify and Define the Problem
Formulate Hypotheses
Select Methodology
Collect and Analyze Data
Draw Conclusions relevant to Hypothesis
Report Results
Expand to Future Studies

7. Formulating Hypotheses
Hypothesis = statement of the relationship presumed to exist between dependent and independent variables.
Cause and Effect implications
Must be testable; dependent variable must be measurable.

8. The more you study, the higher your grades will be.
Independent Variable: study time
Dependent variable : grades

9. Social class will influence voting behavior among recent college graduates.
IV:
DV:

10. Selecting Participants
Who has the data you need? Who is your population?
How can you find out what you need to know? Draw a sample from the population

11. Common Methodologies Surveys Interviews Questionnaires Observations
Participant
Unobtrusive
Simulated
Case studies
Experimental Studies

12. Approaches to developmental studies
Cross- sectional studies study several age groups simultaneously
Longitudinal studies study the same subjects over a period of time
Sequential studies

13. Correlation vs. Causation
Correlation – two events or variables appear to be related to one another
Causation – one event or variable can be shown to “cause” the other to happen
can be established only through experimental studies.

14. Design of Experiment DV Pretest Post-test Control group
Experimental Group
Apply IV

15. Ethical Issues Do not deceive, coerce or harm the subjects
Collect data using ethical procedures
Protect confidentiality of subjects
Report results accurately

16. Cohort Group Activity
How one develops depends on the context in which they have the opportunity to develop.

17. Questions to discuss
Who was President when you were born? The first you remember?
If your are an international student or naturalized citizen, tell us what form of government you had and what was going on in your homeland at the time of your birth…..
Name some event that happened near the time of your birth?
What was your favorite TV show as a grade school child?
Who/what was a popular music group you remember as a teen?

18. Group Activity in Progress 10 minutes remaining
Who was President when you were born? The first you remember?
If your are an international student or naturalized citizen, tell us what form of government you had and what was going on in your homeland at the time of your birth…..
Name some event that happened near the time of your birth?
What was your favorite TV show as a grade school child?
Who/what was a popular music group you remember as a teen?

19. Group Activity in Progress 8 minutes remaining
Who was President when you were born? The first you remember?
If your are an international student or naturalized citizen, tell us what form of government you had and what was going on in your homeland at the time of your birth…..
Name some event that happened near the time of your birth?
What was your favorite TV show as a grade school child?
Who/what was a popular music group you remember as a teen?

20. Group Activity in Progress 6 minutes remaining
Who was President when you were born? The first you remember?
If your are an international student or naturalized citizen, tell us what form of government you had and what was going on in your homeland at the time of your birth…..
Name some event that happened near the time of your birth?
What was your favorite TV show as a grade school child?
Who/what was a popular music group you remember as a teen?

21. Group Activity in Progress 4 minutes remaining
Who was President when you were born? The first you remember?
If your are an international student or naturalized citizen, tell us what form of government you had and what was going on in your homeland at the time of your birth…..
Name some event that happened near the time of your birth?
What was your favorite TV show as a grade school child?
Who/what was a popular music group you remember as a teen?

22. Group Activity in Progress 2 minutes remaining
Who was President when you were born? The first you remember?
If your are an international student or naturalized citizen, tell us what form of government you had and what was going on in your homeland at the time of your birth…..
Name some event that happened near the time of your birth?
What was your favorite TV show as a grade school child?
Who/what was a popular music group you remember as a teen?

23. Summary Report Out of results now!

24. Roll Call Report-out
Who was President when you were born? The first you remember?
Name some event that happened near the time of your birth?
What was your favorite TV show as a grade school child?
Who/what was a popular music group you remember as a teen?

25. Birth Cohort or Generational Effects
Different generations can have unique experiences
Your generation grew up with computers
100 years ago people didn’t have radio
Your grand parents and/or great-grandparents may have lived through World War Two or the 1930s Great Depression
When (and where) you were born could affect nutrition, sleeping arrangements, your age at marriage, political preferences, etc.
In cross-sectional studies or “one-shot”, cohort and aging effects may become entangled
© 2009 Allyn & Bacon Publishers

26. Photo: While undergoing spina bifida surgery in utero, 21-week-old fetus Samuel Armas grips the finger of Dr. Joseph Bruner through the incision.
August, 1999

27. 2003
March 2007
“Samuel arrived on Thursday, Dec. 2 at 6:25 pm at Northside Hospital weighing 5 lbs 11 oz and 20 1/2 " long. He was born at 36 weeks but came into the world screaming his head off! He did not have to spend any time in a neonatal unit and came home with us on Monday, Dec. 6.” quote from Mother
members.tripod.com/~joseromia/samuel.html

28.
May, 2009

29. Assignment
Finish reading Chapters 1 – 2