1. Surface Anatomy
Badira Al Qudah

2. Skull anatomy Divided in 2 parts: 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones
Divided in 2 parts: clavaria (cap) and floor
Each consists of 4 bones
Cap:
Frontal , Rt and Lt parietal and occipital bones
Floor:
Rt and Lt temporal, sphenoid and ethmoid bones

6. Frontal bone:
consists of 2 parts: squamous or vertical portion (forehead) and orbital or horizontal portion (superior part of the orbits)
Metopic suture:  in infancy this suture divides the bone into two, a condition which may persist throughout life.

7. Orbital or horizontal portion
galbella is located between eye brows and above the bridge of the nose (connection of superciliary arches )
supraorbital groove: a depression above the eye brow corresponds to the floor of the anterior fossa of the cranial bone and the highest level (orbital plate) of the facial bone
Supraorbital margin: the superior rim of the orbit

8. Supraorbital foramen: a hole within the Supraorbital margin located medially to the midpoint of it transmits the supraorbital vessels and nerve.
The ridge of bone under the eye brow is called superciliary ridge (between them is the glabella)
Above the supraorbital groove on each side of the squamous bone a rounded prominence called frontal tuberosity

12. Orbital plate: form the superior part of the orbit and the floor of the anterior fossa
Orbital plates are separated by the ethmoidal notch
Nasal spine (frontal) is located on the anterior end of the ethmoidal notch

15. Articulation
Frontal bone articulates with 12 other bones:
parietal,
Ethmoid
Sphenoid,
Nasal,
Lacrimal
Maxilla
Zygomatic

16. Articulations of the frontal bone

17. Parietal bones
The parietal bones form, by their union, the sides and the roof of the cranium. Each bone is irregularly quadrilateral in shape, and has two surfaces, four borders, and four angles.
Sagittal border, squamous border, frontal border, occipital border.
Angles:
Frontal angle-superior fontanel- Bregma.
Occipital angle-inferior fontanel- Lambda.

18. The external surface is convex, smooth, and marked near the center by a slight elevation, termed the parietal eminence.

19. Articulations:
parietal bones are articulate with 5 bones:
Opposite parietal
frontal
temporal
sphenoid
Occipital

22. Useful links http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36qu0EkflU0