1. Note
Final Exam-please check final schedule

2. Note
Nutrition 265-Current Topics in Human Nutrition- Fall 2011
Nutrition 205-Nutritional Assessment-Theory
Fall 2011
Nutrition 207-Nutritional Assessment-Application Winter 2012 OR
Nutrition 201-Sports Nutrition-Winter 2012(pending approval)

3. Lecture March 2011
Water

4. Functions of Water
Provides shape and structure to cells
Regulates body temperature
Aids in digestion and absorption of nutrients
Transports nutrients and oxygen to cells

5. Functions of Water
Serves as solvent for vitamins, minerals, glucose, and amino acids
Participates in chemical reactions
Major component of mucous and other lubricating fluids

6. Requirements
1450 to 2800 ml daily
Losses/day
Perspiration to 900 ml
Exhalations ml
Urine ml
Faeces 150 ml
Total 1450 to 2800 ml/day
 Therefore intake must match losses

7. The actual water requirement is highly variable and is increased by:
-very hot or very cold environmental temperatures
-high altitude
-strenuous exercise
-lactation
-pregnancy

8. The actual water requirement is highly variable and is increased by:
-long exposures to recycled air – eg airplane flights
-vomiting
-diarrhea
-fever
-high fibre

9. The actual water requirement is highly variable and is increased by:
-thermal injuries
-uncontrolled diabetes
-certain kidney problems

10. Dehydration-
-defined as a loss of 1 % or more of body weight due to water loss
-for a 150 lb person this means 1.5 pounds
-for a 70 kg person this means 700 grams
-480 ml of water weighs 1 pound
-1000 ml of water weighs 1 kg = pounds

11. -early signs of dehydration include:
-headache
-fatigue
-loss of appetite
-flushed skin
-heat intolerance

12. early signs of dehydration include:
-light headedness
-dry mouth and eyes
-dark scanty urine

13. Dehydration
-leads to delirium and death when the water loss exceeds 10 % of body weight

14. Fluid overload
Rare because kidney usually gets rid of excess
Due to impaired fluid output, sodium retention:
-renal failure
-congestive heart failure
-certain drug therapies (eg steroids)
-liver disease

15. Sources
Drinking water
Juices
Milk
Pop
Coffee
Tea

16. Sources
Meats
Lettuce
Vegetables
Whole wheat bread
Metabolism

17. Encouraging adequate fluid intake
drink before thirsty
-choose liquids that appeal to use
-keep water nearby
-make water available during meals

18. Encouraging adequate fluid intake
-drink a glass of water before meals- weight control- blunts appetite
-buy bottled water versus pop- sugar issue
-bottled water in lunches
-drink low fat (up to 2 % B.F.) milk

19. Encouraging adequate fluid intake
-add lemon or lime wedges to water drinks
-eat enough fruits and vegetables
-drink extra fluids before during and after exercise (next lecture)
-herbal tea and decaffeinated tea and coffee to some extent in place of caffeine containing drinks