1. CHALLENGES AND RESPONSES FOR WATER EDUCATION IN A CHANGING ENVIRONMENT
Green Economy Strategy: What does it mean to capacity development?
Håkan Tropp
UNDP Water Governance Facility
SIWI
29TH MAY 2013

2. OECD. 2011. TOWARDS GREEN GROWTH

3. UNEP. 2012. Towards a Green Economy, Water chapter

4. Some green economy key concepts
Strengthened economic growth: Green growth to have positive effect on overall economy
Economic diversification
Job creation
Investments in ”hardware” and ”software
Natural resource productivity: (GDP per unit of water, land, energy, GHG etc.) a central economic metric to measure a country’s ability to create wealth out of out of existing resoruce base
Use efficiency
Cost recovery (taxes and tariffs)
Economic incentives (tariffs and taxes) to change behaviour of water users
Correct market-failures: To ensure market based prices, avoid subsidies that distort natural resource use

5. Green Economy Strategy: Kazakhstan
By 2050 Kazakhstan aspires to be among the top 30 most developed countries in the world
Closing the widening gap between water supply and demand is among top priorities (others.agric, energy, solid waste and pollution)
Priorities set to 2030 includes:
Reduce stress on key natural resources (water and land)
Improve ageing infra-structure (irrigation, energy, WSS)
Reduce pollution (water, air)
Increase national security (reduce water dependence)

6. Governance framework identifies key action areas based on current status assessment
Steps
Current status/key issues
Improvement options and ideas
Create a fact base for decision making
Inconsistent and insufficient data on available water resource and use
Environmental discharge is estimated post-factum based on unreliable assumptions
Install modern on-the-ground metering equipment and use satellites to monitor use and quality of water resources
Create modern IT system for data collection and analysis
Launch studies on minimal environmental discharge requirements, climate impact, etc. a
Create cross-sector decision platform and transparent water saving limit system
Create clear water requirement and development plans from all users, set clear constraints and efficiency targets
Joint planning and revision on basin and nation level between water authorities, users and environmental organizations
Set transparent water abstraction limits encouraging efficiency to the benchmark
Provide authority and executive power for local basin governance to ensure implementation and link with local users and communities
Sectors are making the plans indepen-dently disregard of water needs
Trade-offs between sectors, environmental discharge are not systematically resolved
Limits are set according to historical water consumption levels
High year-on-year uncertainty and low transparency b
Monitor and enforce compliance
Lack and aging abstraction measuring devices
Basin governance has no enforcement mechanism to control efficiency measures and quotas implementation
Encourage installation of ground metering water abstraction, assisted by satellites and indirect measurements
Track limits and discharge quality compliance c
Provide functioning infrastructure
Ownership
Investment decisions
Fragmented ownership of infrastructure
Unclear decision making and responsibility for investments
Clear ownership rights for land, water and infrastructure objects, decide on objects that are not belonging to anyone
Encourage private investment in infrastructure restoration
Revise providers incentive schemes and infrastructure maintenance and upgrade standards d

7. Currently out of 100 bcm of surface resources 45 bcm flow from transboundary rivers, till 2050 the inflow can decrease by 50%
Average inflow assumed in the model calculations
Average annual water inflow to Kazakhstan from transboundary rivers,
Bcm
Agreement on river stock division is not signed
China is expanding economic activity in the region:
Canal to oil fields in Karamay
Decrease of inflow worsen ecology of the river by increasing pollutants concentration
Irtysh basin
(Irtysh river)
0,91
5,9
-100%
12,2
China is aggressively increasing water abstraction:
Irrigated area planned increase (mainly cotton)
Hydro-power stations and dams are emerging on the river
Creation of urbanized areas and population transfer
Inflowing water and consequently Balkhash lake and Ili water quality is closely linked to economic activity in China
-39%
Balkhash-Alakol basin
(Ili river)
14,6
Conflicts between hydro power use, agriculture and natural regime of rivers lead to water scarcity , environmental degradation and flood risks
Aral is maintained with help of international organizations that help to align neighbouring countries
-21%
Aral-Syrdaryinsky basin
(Syradarya river)
Agreement implies 50/50 stock division between countries
Low water years inflow decreases to 0 leading to catastrophic situation in agriculture, fishery and ecology
-80%
7,1
Ural-Caspian basin
(Ural river) 1
1990
2010
2020
2030
2050
1 Measurements show that water inflow has decreased vs. long-term average taken into account in current resource estimation, correction of 1,6 bcm is included in the calculations
ИСТОЧНИК: UNDP - Integrated Water Resource Management in Kazakhstan, Water Resource Committee, Team Analysis

8. Some initial training needs identified for GES in Kazakhstan
Educating enough engineers on ”green” and resource productivity issues – inlcude in university cirricula
On-the-job training for engineers, water professionals, farmers, government agencies, such as through ”Open universities” or create new training institutes
Train future generations: Include ”green” topics in elementary school curricula
Broad communication and education programmes to create citizens awareness and changed bahaviour in water use, energy use etc.

9. Conclusions
Green economy implies major social, political and economic transition --- Long term!
Education and behavioral change: Strong elements of capacity development and awareness raising required
Role models and change leaders identified and positive behavior rewarded

10. Conclusions
Think outside the water box: Emphasis on economic development and language of economists
Build new capacity alliances --- across sectors and with other professions
Integrated approaches emphasised! (energy, climate, agriculture, tourism, land, etc.
No blue-prints: Green economy priorities shift from country to country
Opportunity for long-term monitoring of capacity development
Balance investments in infra-structure and governance: ”Hard” and ”soft” CD required

11. Purpose of 5th Symposium
Thanks for
your attention
Håkan Tropp
UNDP Water Governance Facility
SIWI