1. 385L4

2. BRONZE AGE
BCE
Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations
DARK AGE
BCE
economic collapse
migration into Aegean
ARCHAIC PERIOD
BCE
trade and economic renewal
literacy
rise of polis
Presocratic speculation
CLASSICAL PERIOD
BCE
Athenian supremacy
scientific advances: logic, astronomy, medicine, physics, mathematics, biology…
research institutes (Academy, Lyceum)
HELLENISTIC PERIOD
BCE
Alexander the Great
syncretism
research libraries (Alexandria, Pergamon)
ROMAN REPUBLIC
BCE
Roman conquest of Greece (150)
expansion of Empire
ROMAN EMPIRE
31 BCE — 476 CE
collapse of Republic
imperial rule
religious cults
“fall” of Rome

3. PERIOD
INDIVIDUAL
FIELDS
ARCHAIC ( )
early Presocratics
natural science
CLASSICAL ( )
later Presocratics
Hippocrates
Socrates
Plato (Academy)
Aristotle (Lyceum)
natural science, epistemology, logic
medicine
epistemology
mathematics, astronomy
astronomy, logic, physics, biology, meteorology, psychology...
HELLENISTIC (323-31)
Alexandrians
Archimedes
astronomy, botany, physics, medicine…
mathematics, engineering
ROMAN REPUBLIC (509-31)
Hipparchus
Strabo
Celsus
astronomy
geography
EMPIRE (31 BCE-476 CE)
Hero
Pliny the Elder
Soranus, Galen
Ptolemy
engineering

4. physis : origin; organic growth; nature, natural world, physical world, perceptible world; order, arrangement, pattern; appearance; character, disposition; natural form or constitution physiologos : investigator of physis; natural scientist

5. Features of Ancient Greek Culture
•polis structure •open, public debate •competitiveness •concern with definition, order, structure, boundaries •absence of religious orthodoxy •rise of (limited) literacy •institution of slavery •gendered space / gendered power

6. BELOW
ABOVE
EARTH
SKY
MOON
SUN
NIGHT
DAY
DARK
LIGHT
COLD
HOT
WET
DRY
SUMMER
WINTER
INSIDE
OUTSIDE
LEFT
RIGHT
ODD
EVEN
PLURALITY
ONE
UNLIMITED
LIMIT
OBLONG
SQUARE
CROOKED
STRAIGHT
BODY
MIND
SUBMISSIVE
DOMINANT
EMOTION
REASON
ANIMAL
HUMAN
NATURE
CULTURE
INFERIOR
SUPERIOR
BAD
GOOD
FEMALE
MALE

7. absence of religious orthodoxy
• religion normative, not “revealed” • absence of priestly caste • relative lack of religious dogma • emphasis on orthopraxy (NOT orthodoxy) • tolerance of alternative religious structures • consensus about role(s) of deity

8. rise of literacy
• alphabet ca. 850 BCE • recording of oral (literary, mythological) traditions • link to rise of polis • pictographic vs. alphabet systems • alphabetic writing and democratic education • writing and memory • inventories and organization • prose vs. poetry • distancing and “objectification” of thought