1. The Scientific Revolution
6.1
The Scientific Revolution

2. Foundations of Modern Science
In Middle Ages: Earth was immovable center of universe
Planets revolved around Earth – geocentric theory
Foundations: Aristotle, Ptolemy, Bible

3. Scientific Revolution
Scientific Revolution = new way of thinking about the world – challenged hundreds of years of thinking
Roots in Renaissance ideas/actions
Exploration opens European eyes
Advancements in navigation/technology
Questioning of acceptable thought (Luther)
Printing press spreads ideas

4. Copernicus
Geocentric theory makes sense, but does not explain movements of planets, sun, moon
Copernicus expands on ancient Greek idea the sun = center of universe
Decides planets revolve around sun = heliocentric theory

5. Copernicus
Heliocentric theory not published until final year of his life – why?
Theory would challenge Church
Scientists & mathematicians continue to explore Copernicus’ work
Kepler discovered planets move elliptically, not in circles – proves Copernicus’ theory

6. Galileo Galilei
Galileo uses telescope & shatters common accepted theory
Jupiter has 4 moons
Sun spots
Moon not smooth
Church threatened by findings
Church suggests Galileo not defend Copernicus – ignores suggestion
In 1633, under threat of torture signs confession
In 1992, Church acknowledges Galileo was correct

7. Other Scientists and Discoveries
Francis Bacon writes people should not accept ancient ideas – conduct experiments to prove things – called empiricism (experimental method)
Rene Descartes relies on math and logic
Only thing he knows for certain = he exists
“I think, therefore I am.”

8. Other Scientists and Discoveries
Newton explains gravity
Advances in technology:
Microscope
Barometer
Thermometer
Autopsies discover humans different from animals
Vaccination for small pox
Connection between volume, temperature, & pressure