1. The Circulatory System
Chapter Three

2. Learning Goal
For students to learn more about the function of the circulatory system and its major components
To learn the importance of tools in monitoring the circulatory system

3. Introduction
The Circulatory system’s role is to transport blood, nutrients, and waste around the body
It’s sort of like the TTC of the body

4. Main Functions of the Circulatory System
It Transports gases (from the Respiratory System), nutrients, and waste materials (from the Digestive System)
It regulates internal temperature and transports chemical substances that are vital to health from 1 part of the body to another
It protects against blood loss from injury and disease-causing microbes, or any toxic substances introduced into the body

5. Major Components of the System
Heart
- Muscular organ that continuously pumps the blood through the body and generates Blood Flow
Blood Vessels
- System of Hollow tubes where blood moves through
Blood
- The Fluid that Transports nutrients, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, and other things through the body

6. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Functions:
transports O2 and nutrients throughout the body
carries away waste
made up of blood, heart, vessels

7. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
HEART

8. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
HEART
“pump”

9. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
ARTERIES
HEART
“pump”

10. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
ARTERIES
BODY
TISSUES
HEART
“pump”

11. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
ARTERIES
BODY
TISSUES
O2 out
CO2 in
HEART
“pump”

12. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
ARTERIES
BODY
TISSUES
O2 out
CO2 in
HEART
“pump”
VEINS

13. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
ARTERIES
BODY
TISSUES
O2 out
CO2 in
HEART
“pump”
VEINS
VEINS

14. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
ARTERIES
BODY
TISSUES
O2 out
CO2 in
LUNGS
HEART
“pump”
VEINS
VEINS

15. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
ARTERIES
BODY
TISSUES
O2 out
CO2 in
LUNGS
O2 in
CO2 out
HEART
“pump”
VEINS
VEINS

16. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
ARTERIES
ARTERIES
BODY
TISSUES
O2 out
CO2 in
LUNGS
O2 in
CO2 out
HEART
“pump”
VEINS
VEINS

17. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
ARTERIES
ARTERIES
BODY
TISSUES
O2 out
CO2 in
LUNGS
O2 in
CO2 out
HEART
“pump”
VEINS
VEINS
Gas exchange in lungs and tissues via capillaries.

19. The Heart ♥ - Structures
Has 4 Chambers
2 chambers that receive blood from the body or the lungs back into the heart = atria (Right /Left Atrium)
2 chambers that receive blood from the atria and pump blood OUT of the body = ventricles (Right / Left ventricle)

20. 4 Chambers of the Heart - Right Side
The right side RECIEVES blood coming from the body and then pumps this blood out to the lungs
2 large vessels, called the vena cava, open into the Right Atrium
The Superior Vena cava collects oxygen poor (CO2 rich) blood coming from tissues in the head, chest, and arms
The Inferior Vena cava collects oxygen poor blood (CO2 rich) blood coming from tissues everywhere else in the body

21. 4 Chambers of the Heart - Right Side
The oxygen poor blood flows from the Right Atrium into the Right Ventricle, and then out into the pulmonary trunk
From there, it enters into the left and right pulmonary arteries
It then continues into the left and right Lungs for Gas Exchange

22. 4 Chambers of the Heart - Right Side

23. 4 Chambers of the Heart - Left Side
It receives the OXYGEN RICH blood from the Left and Right Lungs and pumps this blood out into the body
The Oxygen-rich blood flows from the lungs through the Pulmonary Veins to the Left Atrium
The left atrium pumps blood into the left ventricle, where all the blood going to the body tissues leave through the LARGEST vessel in the body, the AORTA

25. Blood Carries out Functions
Humans have approximately 5 Liters of blood moving continuously through the circulatory system
Our blood is made up of:
Plasma (55%) as well as
Cells and cell fragments (45%)

26. Blood & its Components
The blood plasma is made up of mostly water, with small amounts of proteins and other nutrients, oxygen, and carbon dioxide
The cells and cell fragments make up for the solid parts of blood
This consists of mainly red blood cells, some platelets, and some white blood cells

28. Understanding Blood Vessels
There are 3 main types of blood vessels in the human body
Arteries – carry blood AWAY from the heart
Veins – carry blood TOWARDS the heart
Capillaries – made up of cells that connect arteries and veins

29. Understanding Blood Vessels

30. Understanding Blood Vessels
Artery
Vein
Capillary
Very elastic walls that let the artery expand and contract based on stimuli
The relaxation / contraction of artery walls helps make sure blood flows in the correct direction
Have thinner walls and are not very elastic
Do not contract themselves, but use the surrounding muscle’s contractions to keep blood moving in the correct direction
Have One-Way VALVES that prevent blood from flowing backwards
Smallest blood vessel found in networks within the body
Join the arteries and veins together
Where gases, nutrients, & other materials are transferred from blood to tissues / and tissue cells to blood

31. Checking for Understanding?
Explain why someone going for a routine blood test would want to get blood taken out from a vein vs. an artery or capillary?

32. A Closer Look at the System
The circulatory system is divided into 2 circular pathways
Pulmonary circuit
Systemic circuit

33. A Closer Look at the System
The Pulmonary Circuit
Works by moving blood from the heart to the lungs for gas exchange and back to the heart
The blood carried from the heart to the lings is oxygen-poor (low in # of oxygen)
Carbon dioxide in the blood then collects and moves to the lungs, where gas exchange happens, as CO2 moves out of the blood and fresh new Oxygen (from being breathed in through the lungs) enters into the blood
This exchange of CO2 out and O2 in allows the blood to become enriched with oxygen, which then travels through the blood to the heart to be pumped throughout the body

34. A Closer Look at the System
Systemic Circulation
Works by moving blood from the heart to tissues everywhere in the body
Blood carried from the heart to body tissues comes from the lungs, so its oxygen rich
In the cells of the body tissues, oxygen in the blood is exchanged with carbon dioxide
Where – the oxygen rich blood is pumped in the body, and oxygen poor blood returns to the heart to be pumped into the lungs for gas exchange to happen all over again

35. Diseases of the Circulatory System

36. Arteriosclerosis
Is a general term that is used to describe several different conditions where the walls of the arteries thicken and lose their elastic properties, where they become harder
The MOST common type of Arteriosclerosis is called Atherosclerosis
Occurs when plaque (made of fatty deposits, cholesterol, calcium, and fibrous tissue) build up on the inside of the artery walls

38. Atherosclerosis
As the artery narrows because of the build-up, blood flow is decreased and blood pressure increases
Plaque is VERY Dangerous if inside arteries that supply the heart, brain, legs, and kidneys
Depending on WHERE plaque builds up, someone can experience Angina (Chest Pain), blood clots, shortness of breath, heart attack, or heart failure

39. Atherosclerosis
More than 90% of heart attacks are due to Atherosclerosis
A healthy lifestyle full of exercise, NOT smoking, eating a diet low in saturated fat and high in fruits and vegetables can help reduce the risk of developing this condition