1. HOW DID THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION INFLUENCE THE ENLIGHTENMENT / AGE OF REASON?

2. SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
Outgrowth of the Renaissance
Questioning attitude / challenged traditional ideas
Desire to know and understand more about the world
Stressed the use of logic and reason to make life better
Determined that laws of nature govern the universe

3. An intellectual movement of
the 18th century which
Challenged traditional authority , and encouraged the improvement of society through reason.
It began in France and had it’s greatest
impact. Ideas spread rapidly to United States and Great Britain.
1. It was opposed by Nobles and Church.
2. It was supported by the Bourgeiosie.

4. II. It was related to the Scientific Revolution because:
A. Natural Laws governed human life
1. man is naturally free and equal
2. all men are entitled to the natural rights of Life , Liberty, Property.
B. Problems could be solved by
following the natural laws and
using Reason.

5. Voltaire ( )
“Voice your opinion”
“I may disagree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it”
Defender of Free Speech
Believed people could govern themselves
Supported natural rights
Fought against discrimination and intolerance

6. Rousseau ( )
“Man is born free, yet everywhere he is in chains”
King gets the power, but must protect the rights of the people
King will act in their best interest
Social Contract: People will give up some rights for the common good.
General Will determines common interest

7. Montesquieu (1689-1755) “Power should be a check for power”
Mon-tes-quieu : 3 syllables = 3 branches
“Power should be a check for power”
Supported the division/separation of powers
Wrote Spirit of Laws
Against Absolutism
Encouraged the separation of government into Executive . Legislative, Judicial.
The division of power would prevent a dictatorship.

8. Adam Smith ( )
Greatly admired Economist.
Wrote the The Wealth of Nations.
Encouraged change from Mercantilism to Laissez Faire
Mercantilism: is strict government control of the economy using tariffs on imports, colonies to provide raw materials and markets, in order to create a favorable balance of trade.
wealth of nation is based on the accumulation of gold and silver.
3. Government should leave the economy alone. Let the natural law regulate. Ex. Supply and demand.
The wealth of a nation is based on the productivity of the country.

9. Effects of the Enlightenment
Increased toleration
Better treatment of prisoners
Revolutions in U.S., France and Latin America
Enlightened Despots: absolute monarchs who claimed to rule according to the ideas of the Enlightenment
1. Frederick the Great of Prussia
2. Catherine the Great of Russia
3. Joseph II of Austria