1. The Basics

2. How it Began

3. The Beginning Why is this building, the Friedensaal, significant
to international relations?
Treaty of Westphalia (1648)
Ended 30 Years’ War

4. Treaty of Westphalia-1648 Sovereignty States System
3 things came out of the Treaty:
Sovereignty
States
System
Multipolar system
4+ power poles
Tried to balance power

5. Rise of Popular Sovereignty
Raison d’état (‘Requirements of the State’)
Divine Right of Kings
Challenges to raison d’état
‘Popular’ sovereignty
American, French Revolutions

6. European Domination Naval technology Guns Industrial Revolution
Need to expand
Colonialization
Administration
Imperialism
Culture

7. The Sun Never Sets

8. A Changing World World wars Cold War Decolonization Rise of China
U.S. v. S. U.
Bipolar system
Decolonization
Self-determination= independence
Rise of China
Globalization
Tangible
Intangible
9/11

9. The System: Actors & Issues

10. System Actors Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)
States
= Countries
Nations (≠countries)
Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)
Global, regional
Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)
Global to local
Multinational corporations (MNCs)
Religious groups
Terrorist networks
Leaders, prominent people

11. Development Differences
Global North
Advanced Industrialized Countries
32 countries

13. Development Differences
Global North
Advanced Industrialized Countries
32 countries
Global South
‘Developing’
162 countries (83%)
Very diverse
Ex-colonies
Rely on primary goods
Coffee prices
Country
GDP per capita
Status
China
$16,600
Emerging Economy
Nigeria
$5900
Average
Burundi
$800
Very poor country

14. Where is this?

15. Transnational Issues Political Security Economic Socio-cultural
-Cross national political borders
Political
Security
Economic
Socio-cultural
Environmental
Health
Energy
Human rights

16. What are Mangroves?

17. Why are mangroves so important?
Biodiversity
Water quality
Storm barriers
Capture, reduce, carbon emissions
Livelihoods

18. Where are the Mangroves?

19. Why Are They Disappearing?
Deforestation
Tourism
Beaches
Marinas
Exports
Aquaculture
Palm oil
Resources
Boats
Firewood
Pollution
Industrial waste
Soil erosion from deforestation

20. Blue Carbon What is blue carbon? How is it connected to the mangroves?
Sequester CO2 emissions
Take in 2-4 times more
Deforestation causes 2 problems:
No longer process emissions
Release tons of stored CO2

21. How to Protect the Mangroves?
Need financial incentives
Funding, support to locals
Carbon permits
Free market trade
Pay to pollute
IGOs
UN Environment Programme (UNEP)
Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO)
NGOs
Blue Carbon Group
Mangrove Action Project
Should you care about mangroves?