1. GROUNDWATER CLINIC
HOW TO MAKE VISIBLE THE INVISIBLE?

3. GROUNDWATER IS AN INVISIBLE RESOURCES Outcrop of the Chalk Aquifer
in theThames Basin

4. AQUIFERS CONTAIN THE LARGEST QUANTITY OF FRESH WATER
GROUNDWATER SUPPLIES ALMOST HALF OF ALL DRINKING WATER IN THE WORLD
GROUNDWATER IS CRUCIAL TO SUPPORT FOOD PRODUCTION
Agriculture is currently the largest user
at the global level
ADAPTATION MEASURES TO CLIMATE CHANGE
Rivers and Lakes 1.2 %
Together with regional hydrogeologists, IGRAC is working on assessment of transboundary aquifers. The results are stored in the Global Groundwater Information System. GGIS shows delineation of the aquifers and the main aquifer attributes. It has two basic functions: to overview and compare, by browsing and searching.

5. Understanding groundwater
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Groundwater and surface water are inextricably related through the hydrologic (or water) cycle. Extracting groundwater can impact surface water resources and vice versa.
Historically, groundwater and surface water have been treated as separate entities.
However, in times of drought and water scarcity, understanding and managing the
interconnection between groundwater and surface water has become more important

6. UNESCO IHP TBA INVENTORY
592 Transboundary Aquifers
366 outside European Union
only 6 agreements
Franco-Swiss Genevese aquifer system
North Western Sahara aquifer system
Al-Sag/Al-Disi aquifer system
Iullemeden aquifer system
Nubian Sandstone aquifer system
Guarani aquifer system

7. Initial results of the first reporting on SDG6.5.2
107 country responses by March 2018 (out of 153 countries sharing transboundary waters)
1st time countries submitted such information
High level of responses: 70% of countries sharing transboundary waters responded
Quality of reports: indicator calculation available for 60% of the responses
95% of the Parties to Water Convention submitted a report
Unique insight into current status of transboundary water cooperation
70% response rate
Indicator available for 62 countries (transboundary river & lake basins and aquifers)
87 countries provided accurate data for transboundary river & lake basins, and
64 countries for transboundary aquifers
38 out of 40 Parties under the Water Convention
While many arrangements covering rivers and lakes either explicitly or implicitly reference groundwater, arrangements that sufficiently address transboundary aquifer management are lacking - exceptions include the arrangements relating to the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System and the Northwest Sahara Aquifer System.

8. GROUNDWATER AND THE ENVIRONMENT
a vital role in creating/sustaining ecosystems

9. Thank you!