1. Intro to Animals
All animals are multicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic organisms.
Most have specialization—adaptation of a cell for a particular function
Most reproduce sexually

2. Animals
Most move in some way at some point in their life (sessile—does not move, ex. Sponges are sessile as adults)
Movement is due to the relationship between two unique (animals only) types of tissue—nervous and muscular tissue
Originated from the sea: probably evolved from loosely connected, flagellated protists.

3. Phylum Porifera
: Examples—sponges

4. Phylum Porifera What is their symmetry? Asymmetrical
Where do they live? Water
How do they travel? Sessile
How do they eat? Filter feed
How do they reproduce? Most sexually, some regeneration
Define: regeneration— regrowing a part that has broken off.

5. Phylum Cnidaria
: Examples—jellyfish, coral, hydra

6. Phylum Cnidaria What is their symmetry? radial
Where do they live? ocean
How do they travel? Swim as adult
How do they feed? Capture prey
How do they reproduce? Both sexually and asexually
Open circulatory system-blood does not travel in tubes but is moved by a heart

7. Flatworms
Examples—planarians & tapeworms

8. Flatworms What is their symmetry? bilateral
Where do they live? Moist area or water
How do they travel? Crawl, swim
How do they feed? Parasitic and feeding tube
How do they reproduce? they are hermaphrodites

9. Phylum Mollusca
: Examples—snail, octupus, clam

10. Phylum Mollusca What is their symmetry? bilateral
Where do they live? Damp places or water
How do they travel? Swim, crawl
How do they feed? Filter feeder, capture prey with radula (“tongue”)
How do they reproduce? Sexually
Nephridia-clean the blood of cellular wastes (primitive kidneys)

11. Phylum Annelida
: Examples—earthworms & leeches

12. Annelida What is their symmetry? bilateral
Where do they live? Almost everywhere except frozen soil
How do they travel? Shortening and lengthening its body (muscle segments)
How do they feed? Mouth to gizzard to anus
How do they reproduce? Hermaphrodites
Closed circulatory system-blood travels completely within tubes and materials diffuse in and out into cells.

13. Arthropoda
Arachnids Crustaceans Insects

14. Phylum Arthropoda
: What are 3 classes? Insects, crustaceans, arachnids
What is their symmetry? Bilateral
How do they move? various modes
Where do the live? everywhere
How do to they feed? Mandibles, sucking
How do the Reproduce? sexually
Define: exoskeleton— hard outer covering
Metamorphosis: a series of changes from juvenile to adult
Molting: removing shell to grow larger one

15. Phylum Chordata
Vertebrates are a subphylum of Chordata; they have backbones
--classes of vertebrates include: fish (several types), amphibians, reptiles, birds, & mammals.

16. Phylum Chordata At some stage in life all chordates have:
Notochord & dorsal hollow nerve cord
Pharyngeal pouches (gills)
Post-anal tail

17. Class Fish Examples: Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes
(Cartilage) (Bone)

18. Fish
What are the major characteristics? Skeleton: cartilage vs. bone, gills
What are examples? Shark, trout
Where do they live? Water
How do the reproduce? Sexually, external fertilization (eggs & sperm meet outside the body)
How many chambers do their hearts have? 2

19. Amphibia
Examples—Frog, salamander

20. Amphibians Where do they live? Double life: part water, part land
How do they reproduce? Sexually, eggs need water, external fertilization
What are the major characteristics? “amphibian” = double life; slimy & smooth skin
How many chambers are in their hearts? 3

21. Reptilia
Examples—snake, tortoise/turtle, iguana

22. Reptiles
What are the major Characteristics? Scales, legs for walking, sharp claws
Where do they live? land
How do they reproduce? Sexual, eggs don’t need water, internal
What does Exothermic mean? Can’t maintain body temperature (cold-blooded)
Define Amniotic egg: egg w/ protective covering and interior nutrition
How many chambers do their hearts have? 3 to 4

23. Aves (bird)
Examples: robin, hawk, chicken, etc.

24. Birds
What are the major Characteristics? Hollow bones, feathers, scaly legs
Where do they live? Everywhere
How do they reproduce? Sexual, internal
What does Endothermic mean? Maintain body temperature (warm-blooded)
Feathers: assist in aerodynamic flight
How many chambers do their hearts have? 4

25. Mammalia Examples -Marsupial -Placental -Monotremes
Pouch Placenta egg-layer

26. Mammals
What are the major Characteristics? Endothermic, hair, milk glands, diaphragm, specialized teeth, developed brains
Where do they live? everywhere
How do they reproduce? Sexually, internal
How many chambers do their hearts have? 4