1. Unit 3: Physical Evidence
3-5 Forensic Databases
Unit 3: Physical Evidence
October 26, 2014
Sanders

2. Forensic Databases
There are computerized databases for police agencies to research known pieces of information on a suspect.
These databases have enhances the role of forensic science in a criminal investigation.
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Physical Evidence

3. Forensic Databases These are computerized databases. Fingerprints DNA
Markings on bullets and cartridges
Automotive paints
Shoe prints
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Physical Evidence

4. Fingerprint Databases
The model of the fingerprint databases is IAFIS.
Launched 1999
Maintained by the FBI
More than 70 million fingerprints
Voluntarily submitted by police
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Physical Evidence

5. Prior to IAFIS
Before IAFIS, the processing of ten-print fingerprint submissions was largely a manual, labor-intensive process, taking weeks or months to process a single submission.
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Physical Evidence

6. Computerized Search
The computerized search of a fingerprint database first requires that’s selected ridge characteristics be designated by a coder.
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Physical Evidence

7. CODIS Combined DNA Index System.
It enables forensic scientists to search easily.
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Physical Evidence

8. CODIS Has 2 Databses
Forensic index has DNA samples contains about 110,000 samples of unsolved crime scene cases.
Offender Index had DNA from almost 7,000,000 arrested or convicted criminals
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Physical Evidence

9. Markings on Bullets and Cartridges
Like bullets, cartridge cases can be identified as having been fired by a specific firearm.
As soon as cartridges are loaded into a firearm the potential for the transfer of unique tool marks exists.
However, the cartridge does not have to be fired for these marks to be transferred. Simply loading a cartridge into a firearm can cause unique identifiable marks that can be later identified.
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Physical Evidence

10. National Automotive Paint File
This Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) database contains more than 40,000 samples of automotive paint from manufacturers.
Each paint layer—an automotive paint job usually consists of four—is examined to determine chemical composition.
The chemical components and proportions are coded into the database. These known samples are compared against a paint sample from a crime scene or a suspect’s vehicle to search the make, model, and year of manufacture of a vehicle involved in a hit-and-run or other criminal activity. For more information, see Exit Notice.
National Automotive Paint File
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Physical Evidence

11. Shoe Database
The pattern of an unidentified shoe print is assigned a set of codes to isolate basic features, such as circles, diamonds, zigzags, curves, and blocks.
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Physical Evidence

12. November 7, 2019
Physical Evidence