1. Solutions and Mechanical Mixtures Lesson
Pure Substances and Mixtures
Types of Mixtures
Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Homogeneous Mixtures
Solutions
Solubility
Saturation
Heterogeneous Mixtures
Mechanical Mixtures
Separating Mixtures

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3. Pure Substances and Mixtures
Recall:
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Compounds (elements chemically bonded)
Physically, not chemically, combined

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5. Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
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Heterogeneous mixtures do not have a uniform composition
Rain
Salad dressing

6. Homogeneous Mixtures .................. _________
Cannot see individual components
Examples
Olive oil
Honey
Air

7. Homogeneous Mixtures
Outside of chemistry, homogeneous mixtures are sometimes considered pure substances
_________

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9. Solutions
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Usually more solvent than solute
Can be gases or liquids

10. Solutions .................. Concentration _________
E.g., concentration of 36 g of salt dissolved in 100 mL of water: 36g/100mL
Or as a percentage: 36%

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12. Saturation .................. Solutions can be
No more solute can be dissolved in the amount of solvent at the current temperature
Solutions can be
_________

13. Saturation .................. ________ Examples
Soda: carbon dioxide in water
36g of salt in 100 mL of water

14. Saturation .................. ________ Examples
A cup of tea or coffee with 1 teaspoon of sugar

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16. Saturation
_________
Disturbances (e.g. tapping the container the solution is in, adding a granule of solute or even a dust particle to the solution) can cause solute to precipitate or crystallize out of solution

17. Heterogeneous Mixtures
________
Examples
Sand and water
Water and oil
Salad
Trail mix

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19. Separating Mixtures _________
Separation by relative amounts between mobile and stationary phase
Mobile phase carries solution along the stationary phase (e.g., paper) by capillary action

20. Separating Mixtures Chromatography examples _________
Analyzing ink samples in forensic science
E.g., comparing ink samples in a forged check to a set of pens
Correct pen’s ink will show a similar pattern of ink separation to that on the check

21. Separating Mixtures _________ .................. Example
Separating salt from seawater
Water is boiled until it evaporates
Salt remains
Water is lost

22. Separating Mixtures _________ Heat solution until solvent evaporates
Capture evaporated solvent

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24. Separating Mixtures _________
Separating mixtures by hand
Picking pieces out of a mechanical mixture and placing like pieces together
Examples
Choosing only red candies from a bowl
Using magnets to separate metals from other substances

25. Separating Mixtures _________
Solid particles filtered out of liquid or gas because fluid can pass through filter
Usually used to separate solid from liquid in a mechanical mixture

26. Separating Mixtures .................. _________
Rock salt crushed and combined with water
Salt dissolves, dirt and other materials doesn’t
Saltwater + dirt mixture poured over filter, leaving dirt behind
Saltwater solution evaporated and salt collected
A colander is a form of filter

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29. Separating Mixtures ________
Causing solute to crystallize out of solution
Adding seed substance onto which solute can aggregate

30. Separating Mixtures
Crystallization examples
________