1. The Six Pillars of Community Policing
Herbert R. Ashford
Assistant Chief of Police
Dallas County Community College District – Police Department

2. “When any part of the American family does not feel like it is being treated fairly, that’s a problem for all of us.” —President Barack Obama

3. The Genesis Recent events between the community and the police
The Task Force
December 18, 2014, President Barack Obama signed an executive order establishing the Task Force on 21st Century Policing.
The task force started meeting in January 2015 and consisted of 11 members with over 100 diverse members of the community providing contributions
Members and contributors came from
law enforcement (rank and file and executive)
Community member
Civic leaders
Advocates
Researchers & Academics
In addition to the core group and the contributors meeting, community forums were help in Washington DC, Phoenix, and Cincinnati
Tasked with identifying best practices and offering recommendations on how policing practices can promote effective crime reduction while building public trust.

4. Overall Recommendations
Create a National Crime & Justice Task Force
Promote community-based initiatives
The focus of the Crime and Justice Task Force will be to examine all aspects of the criminal system
Community-based initiative will focus on –
Poverty
Education
Health
Safety

5. The Six Pillars
Pillar One: Building Trust and Legitimacy Pillar Two: Policy and Oversight

6. The Six Pillars
Pillar Three: Technology & Social Media Pillar Four: Community Policing & Crime Reduction

7. The Six Pillars
Pillar Five: Training & Education Pillar Six: Officer Wellness & Safety

8. Pillar One: Building Trust and Legitimacy

9. “In a republic that honors the core of democracy—the greatest amount of power is given to those called Guardians. Only those with the most impeccable character are chosen to bear the responsibility of protecting the democracy.” —Plato

10. Trust and Legitimacy The Trust Gap
This is the foundational principle that police-community relations is built.
If the community does not see what the police does as legitimate it results in less trust
The community will consider the police as legitimate if the police uses its authority in a just manner.
What the public considers as just behavior is:
Treating people with dignity and respect
Giving individuals “voice” during encounters
Being neutral and transparent in decision making
Conveying trustworthy motives

11. Trust and Legitimacy Recommendations:
The police should adopt procedural justice as the guiding principle for internal and external policies and practices to guide their interactions with the citizens they serve.
Acknowledge the role of policing in past and present injustice and discrimination

12. Trust and Legitimacy Recommendations:
The police should establish a culture of transparency and accountability in order to build public trust and legitimacy.
Law enforcement should promote legitimacy internally by applying the principles of procedural justice.

13. Trust and Legitimacy Recommendations:
Initiate positive nonenforcement activities in communities that typically have high rates of enforcement by the police.
consider the potential damage to public trust when implementing crime fighting strategies.

14. Trust and Legitimacy Recommendations:
Conduct annual community surveys.
Law enforcement should create a diverse workforce.
Build relationships with immigrant communities.

15. Pillar Two: Policy and Oversight

16. Policy and Oversight Society’s expectations
Constitutional, impartial, and measured enforcement.
Development and implementation of sound policies.
Transparency and inclusion in the policy and enforcement process.

17. Policy and Oversight Recommendations
Community collaboration in policy development and enforcement strategies.
Comprehensive policies
Use of force
Training
Investigations
Prosecution
Data Collection
Information Sharing

18. Policy and Oversight Recommendations
Implement non-punitive peer review of critical incidents, separate from administrative and criminal investigations.
Adopt identification procedures that implement scientifically supported practices that eliminate or minimize presenter bias or influence.

19. Policy and Oversight Recommendations
Law enforcement agencies should be encouraged to collect, maintain, and analyze demographic data on all detentions.
Law enforcement agencies should create policies and procedures for policing mass demonstrations
Employ a continuum of managed tactical
resources that are designed to minimize the
appearance of a military operation and avoid
using provocative tactics and equipment that
undermine civilian trust

20. Policy and Oversight Recommendations
Every community should define the appropriate form and structure of civilian oversight to meet the needs of that community.
Enforcement activity should address legitimate crime issues.

21. Policy and Oversight Recommendations
officers should be required to seek consent (ideally written) before a search and explain that a person has the right to refuse consent when there is no warrant or probable cause.
Establish search and seizure procedures related to LGBTQ and transgender populations

22. Policy and Oversight Recommendations
Adopt and enforce policies prohibiting profiling and discrimination.
National decertification standards for decertifying officers who lost their peace officer license due to misconduct.
based on race, ethnicity,
national origin, religion, age, gender, gender
identity/expression, sexual orientation,
immigration status, disability, housing status,
occupation, or language fluency.

23. Pillar Three: Technology and Social Media

24. Tech & Social Media Types of Technology Body-worn cameras (BWC)
Unmanned aircraft (drones)
Social Media
major challenges including determining the
effects of implementing various technologies;
identifying costs and benefits; examining unintended
consequences; and exploring the best practices
by which technology can be evaluated, acquired,
maintained, and managed.

25. Tech & Social Media Recommendations
National Institute of Justice to establish national standards for the research and development of new technology.
The implementation of appropriate technology by law enforcement agencies should be designed considering local needs and aligned with national standards.
maintain civil and human rights protections.

26. Tech & Social Media Recommendations
Develop best practices that can be adopted by state legislative bodies to govern the acquisition, use, retention, and dissemination of auditory, visual, and biometric data by law enforcement.
Law enforcement agencies should adopt model policies and best practices for technology-based community engagement that increases community trust and access.

27. Tech & Social Media Recommendations
Development of new “less than lethal” technology to help control combative suspects.
Improved law enforcement communications
Interoperability
First Net

28. Pillar Four: Community Policing & Crime Reduction

29. Comm. Policing & Crime Reduction
Community Policing
Community policing requires the active building of positive relationships with members of the community.
Crime Reduction
Requires collaborative partnerships

30. Comm. Policing & Crime Reduction
Recommendations
Law enforcement agencies should develop and adopt policies and strategies that reinforce the importance of community engagement in managing public safety.
Community policing should be infused throughout the culture and organizational structure of law enforcement agencies.

31. Comm. Policing & Crime Reduction
Recommendations
Engage in multidisciplinary, community team approaches for planning, implementing, and responding to crisis situations with complex causal factors .
Work with community residents to identify problems and collaborate on implementing solutions that produce meaningful results.

32. Comm. Policing & Crime Reduction
Recommendations
Adopt policies and programs that address the needs of children and youth most at risk for crime or violence.

33. Pillar Five: Training & Education

34. Training & Education The modern training challenges of law enforcement
Procedural justice
Terrorism
Technology
Legislation and case law
Crisis intervention/Mental health issues
Cultural diversity

35. Training & Education Training must be
Developed around proven/evidence based principals
Realistic & Relevant
Continuous
Reiterate core training
Relevant to position and level

36. Training & Education Recommendations
Establish consistent standards for high quality and innovative training.
The community should be part of the design and implementation.
Establish standards for first-line, middle management, and executive training.

37. Training & Education Recommendations
Partner with institutions of higher education to train leaders.
Require Crisis Intervention Training (CIT) for both recruit and in-service training.
In addition to tactical training, increase social interaction training.

38. Training & Education Recommendations
Train on cultural awareness and implicit bias.
Provide procedural justice training.
Encourage and incentivize officers to obtain higher education.

39. Training & Education Recommendations Conduct scenario-based training.
Scenarios should include training in de-scalation
Improve field training officer program.
Based on adult learning theory
Encourage problem-based learning
Emphasize procedural justice

40. Pillar Six: Officer Wellness & Safety

41. Ofc. Wellness & Safety The cost of serving. Psychological risk
Dealing with tragedy and horror
Suicide
Physical risk to officers
Poor physical health
Lack of exercise
Poor nutrition
Sleep deprivation

42. Ofc. Wellness & Safety Recommendations
Research mental health issues unique to officers.
Departments need to promote safety and wellness at every level of the organizations.
Utilize scientifically supported shift lengths.

43. Ofc. Wellness & Safety Recommendations
Personal protective equipment (PPE).
Individual tactical first aid kits w/training
Ballistic vest
Collect and analyze data on officer injuries and deaths
Mandatory use/wear policies

44. Ofc. Wellness & Safety Recommendations
Research “smart car” technology to reduce auto accidents.

45. So what does this mean?

46. Revisit Our Purpose

47. Where does law enforcement go from here?
Recommendations:
The task force recommended that the President to adopt the recommendations
Explore public-private partnership opportunities, starting by convening a meeting with local,
regional, and national foundations to discuss the proposals for reform described in this
report and seeking their engagement and support in advancing implementation of
these recommendations.
The Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) help sub-national law enforcement agencies address current and future challenges

48. Questions?
The President’s task force on 21st Century policing