1. Introduction to Networked Computing
IP Addressing

2. Summary Identifies a device in the network layer
IPv4: 32 bits (only 232 ~ 4.3 billion)
Decimal display:
IPv6: 128 bits (3.4 x 1038 addresses)
Decimal display: 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:1:1

3. Address Registration
IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) from 1972
InterNIC ~ Network Information Center (1992 to Sep 18, 1998)
1998 – ICANN (Internet Coporation for Assigned Numbers and Names)

4. Top Level Domains IANA-era ICANN-era Domain name censorship:
US TLDs: .mil, .gov, .edu, .net, .org, .com
Country TLD’s: .uk, .hu, .de, ...
ICANN-era
.eu, .museum, ...
Domain name censorship:
Network Solution’s „least agreeable English word filter” – rejects shitakemushroom.com

5. IPv4 Address Classes Class A IP Addresses: Class B IP Addresses:
0 – 7-bit Network# - 24-bit Host# (~16M)
First decimal: x.x.x
Class B IP Addresses:
bit Network# - 16-bit Host# (~65536)
First decimal: x.x.x
Class C IP Addresses:
bit Network# - 8-bit Host# (~256)
First decimal: x.x.x

6. IPv4 Network Mask: 32-bit binary number Prefix length:
With 1’s for the network bits
With 0’s for the host bits
Class A:
Class B:
Class C:
Prefix length:
The number of ones in the network #
8, 16, and for Class A,B, and C

7. Special IP Addresses
– the actual device/host (unspecified, cannot be target address)
x.x.x.0 – ID for a whole C subnet
x.x.x.1 – broadcast address
127.x.x.x – loopback address

8. Private IP Networks/Addresses
Class A:
10.x.x.x
(Netmask: )
Class B:
x.x
(Netmask: )
Class C:
x.x
(Netmask: )

9. IPv6 Addresses IPv4 Network Address exhaustion Reasons:
2005, Cisco Systems: 5 to 6 years
2007, ARIN: in 2010
2010, Geoff Huston (IANA): September 2011
Reasons:
Mobile devices
Always-on connections
Household broadband Internet access growth
Inefficient address use