1. A.4 Innate and Learned Behavior

2. Understandings
Innate behavior is inherited from parents and so develops independently of the environment
Autonomic and involuntary responses are referred to as reflexes
Reflex arcs comprise the neurons that mediate reflexes
Reflex conditioning involves forming new associations
Learned behavior develops as a result of experience
Imprinting is learning at a particular life stage and is independent of the consequences of behavior
Operant conditioning is a form of learning that consists of trial and error experiences
Learning is the acquisition of skill or knowledge
Memory is the process of encoding, storing, and accessing information
Application
Withdrawal reflex of the hand from a painful stimulus
Pavlov’s experiments into reflex conditioning in dogs
The role of inheritance and learning in the development of birdsong
Skill
Analysis of data from invertebrate behavior experiments in terms of the effect on chances of survival and reproduction
Drawing and labelling a diagram of a reflex arc for the pain withdrawal reflex.

8. Reflexes
Controlled by autonomic nervous system
Pain Reflex Arc

11. Innate Behavior
Learned Behavior

15. Learning of Birdsong Memorization phase Crude template
Template matched to song heard by adults
Duration 100 days: if hear no song in time, does not move to motor phase  sensitive period
Exact template
Motor phase
Song output
Hears own song
Song matched to template
Sings more or less accurate copy of song heard

17. Accessing

18. Accessing