1. Urban Geography and Spatial Demographics Zoltan Grossman, Blood & Borders, The Evergreen State College

2. USSR Population (Lost 15 mil to civil war/Stalin and 14 mil to WWII; Male shortage one reason for women in both workforce & home)
Despite
Annexations!
Population would have been 440 million in 1991 without wars

3. “State Socialism” Central planning of “Command Economy”
Guaranteed job, low rents,
health care, daycare, etc.
Heavy industrialization
to catch up to West
Forced collectivization
of private farmlands
Notes

4. Soviet Bloc urban population
Soviets favored large industry over farms & cities
Moscow 30% industrial; Paris only 5%
Urbanization but without urban services/transit/life
Prefab worker apartment blocs / housing shortages

5. Russian urban population Overwhelmingly in largest cities

6. “Shock therapy” Close command industries Reduce or end subsidies
Pass burden to renters
Privatize industrial economy;
benefit new entrepeneurs
High unemployment,
inflation, inequality

7. Winning regions Hub regions Gateway regions
- Government/transportation centers. High-tech industries
- Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kiev, Nizhny Novgorod, Urals
Gateway regions
- Outward looking/ trade-oriented
- Vladivostok, Murmansk, Kaliningrad

8. Losing regions Huge gaps in prices, income, roads
Command military-industrial / coal regions
State agricultural regions
Remote natural resource (non-oil)
Ethnic minority regions in conflict

9. Favorable regions of Russia

10. Unfavorable regions of Russia

11. Effects of war, poor male health
Russia’s demographics,
Male
Female
Effects of war, poor male health

12. Russian birth rate

13. Russian death rate

14. U.S. Baby Boom USSR instead had “echo busts” slowing growth in 1960s, 1980s
Echo Boom
Baby Boom ( )
Baby Bust ( )

15. Russian life expectancy Men dying from alcohol, drugs, accidents, crime; Male life expectancy now like parts of Third World

16. Russia’s population decline
Population decline for first time since WWII;
Worries about aging population, labor shortages;
Larger families in Muslim regions but not as many industrial workers

17. Feudal City
Narrow, Twisty
Medieval Streets
Vienna, Austria

18. URBAN GEOGRAPHY: Trade City
Merchant capitalism
emerges 1400s-1500s;
Gradually replaces feudalism
Mediterranean Sea ports
Baltic/North Sea ports
(Hanseatic League)

19. Industrial capitalist City (1800 on)
Revolution:
Steam engine
Steel
Loom

20. Other European city characteristics
Plazas
High density
Low skyline
Lively downtown
Neighborhood stability
Symbolism/memorials
Good municipal services

21. Central Place Theory Explaining the relative size /function of
urban centers as
a function of
economic
behavior
Range:
Maximum distance
buyer will travel
Threshold:
Minimum
market size

22. Stages of intraurban growth in U.S.
Counterurbanization of wealthy
More than half live in suburbs today

23. Western
European City
Industrial workers,
immigrants in suburbs

24. Central
European City
Budapest,
Hungary

26. Urban Inequalities under State Socialism
(Iván Szelényi, Oxford U. Press, 1983)

32. Unemployment,

33. Unemployment,

34. Depressed regions, 2004

35. Roma population, 2001

36. Jobbik vote, 2009

37. Jobbik / Hungarian Guard