1. Disaster mitigation and management
Major General A N M Muniruzzaman, ndc, psc (Retd), President, BIPSS
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2. Introduction
Disasters are as old as mankind.
The first description of Disaster and its management came from “Noah” and his ark.
Similar Flood Tales are widespread in Greek Mythology, Puranas, Mesopotamian storries and many other cultures.

3. Definition of Disaster
A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either nature or man made that causes human suffering and creates human needs that victim cannot alleviate without assistance. (American Red Cross)
A disaster is any occurrence that causes damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health service on a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area. (WHO)

4. Progression of Vulnerability
Root Causes
Limited access to power, structures and resources
Ideologies built on political and economic systems
Dynamic Pressures
Lack of training, local investment and press freedom
Macro-forces such as rapid population change, rapid urbanisation and deforestation
Unsafe Conditions
Physical Environment
Local Economy
Social Relations
Public Actions

5. How A Disaster Is Caused?
Natural hazards collide with the progression of vulnerability.
Risk= Hazard * Vulnerability
Hazard impacts on vulnerable people.

6. Classification of Disaster
Natural Disasters
Example: Hurricane, Tornado, Earthquake, Tsunami, Floods and Other Geologic Processes.
Man-made disasters
Example: Stampedes, Fire, Transport Accidents, Industrial Accidents, Oil Spills, Nuclear Radiation and Nuclear Explosion.

7. Natural disaster Man-Made disaster

8. Consequences of Disaster
Health
Structural Damage
Ecological
Economical

9. Statistics

10. Disaster Mitigation
It relates to minimizing the effects of disaster. Example: Building codes and zoning, vulnerability analysis and public education.
It refers to the measures taken in order to remove or decrease the risks and impacts of hazards through proactive and predetermined measures.
The main motive of mitigation is to reduce the loss of life and property by attenuating the impact of disasters.

11. Components of Disaster Mitigation
Hazard Analysis
Vulnerability Analysis

12. Phenomenon: It defines the type of disaster and its intensity.
Hazard Analysis
Phenomenon: It defines the type of disaster and its intensity.
Vulnerability: It states the predisposition and the capacity of local response.
Impact: It denotes the effect on population.

13. Hazard Analysis
Phenomenon
Vulnerability
Impact

14. Vulnerability Analysis
Factors that increase risk are:
Number of people exposed by the hazard
Area covered by the hazard
Intensity of power of the hazard
Time duration of the hazard
Frequency of the hazard

15. Structural and Non-structural mitigation
It deals with construction projects that are aimed at reducing the economic and social impacts
Non-structural Mitigation
It involves measures that seek to reduce the likelihood of risk through modification in human behavior

16. Structural and Non-structural Measures
Strengthening infrastructure
Checking dams
Building codes and policies
Structural Measures
Public health campaigns
Vaccination programmes
Non-structural Measures

17. Structural Measures NON-structural measures

18. Definition of Disaster Management
It is an applied science which seeks, by systemic observation and analysis of disasters, to improve measures relating to prevention, emergency, response, recovery and mitigation.

21. Disaster Management Cycle

22. Prevention
Identify and minimize the risks posed by the building, its equipment and fittings, and the natural hazards of the area.
Example: Carry out a building inspection and alter factors which constitute a potential hazard.

23. It refers to the steps for getting prepared to cope with disasters.
Preparedness
It refers to the steps for getting prepared to cope with disasters.
Example: Keep together supplies and equipment required in a disaster and maintain them.

24. It refers to the measures taken when a disaster strikes.
Response
It refers to the measures taken when a disaster strikes.
Example: Follow established emergency procedures for raising the alarm, evacuating people and making the disaster site safe.

25. It refers to the initiatives taken in order restore the disaster site.
Recovery
It refers to the initiatives taken in order restore the disaster site.
Example: Rehabilitate the disaster site.

26. Pre-hospital emergency services
Role of Medical Sector
Pre-hospital emergency services
Assessment of immediate health needs
Identification of medical and health resources
Temporary field treatment

27. Role of Medical Sector

28. Use of technology in disaster management
Remote Sensing System
Warning and Forecasting System
Geographical Information System
Internet
Global Positioning System
Communication Technology

29. International Cooperation
United Nations Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs: It is responsible for all international disaster response.
United Nations Development Programme: It works on mitigation and prevention aspects.
United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination System: It streamlines institutional arrangements for disaster response.

30. International cooperation

31. Disaster and Development
Disasters destroy years of development initiatives.
Recovery measures after a disaster provides significant scope for development programmes.

32. Disaster Risk Reduction
It refers to the physical measures that are taken to reduce the vulnerability and exposure of infrastructure to natural hazards. It also leads to creation of a coping and adaptive infrastructure in case of a disaster event.

33. Disaster Risk Reduction

34. The Emergency Operation Plan (EOP)
It describes how a facility will respond to and recover from all hazards.
It includes 6 critical elements:
Communications
Resources and assets
Safety and security
Staff responsibilities
Utilities
Clinical support activities

35. Role of NGOs in Disaster Mitigation and Management

36. Role of Print and Media in Disaster Mitigation and Management

37. Conclusion

38. Thank you
Bangladesh Institute of Peace and Security Studies