1. Participles Forming Clauses
Lesson XLIII
p. 294

2. Start with a participle from the 4th PP…
Vulneratus
Cupitus
Amissus

3. Use it to modify a noun: Ta-da! An adjective!
Miles vulneratus
Puer cupitus
Regina amissa

4. Then you can expand it to a clause!
The participle-clause ADDS AN EXTRA ACTION TO THE SENTENCE. That means it functions as a VERB.
But it also MODIFIES A NOUN. So it functions as an ADJECTIVE.

5. Participle Clauses Miles vulneratus ab inimicis fugit.
The wounded soldier fled from the enemies.
Having been wounded, the soldier fled from the enemies.
Because he had been wounded, the soldier fled from the enemies.
After being wounded, the soldier fled from the enemies
Et cetera!

6. Participle Clauses Multae puellae puer cupitum petiverunt.
Many girls sought the desired boy.
Many girls sought the boy whom they desired.
Many girls sought the boy because he was desired.
Many girls sought the boy who was desired.

7. Participle Clauses Nautae boni reginae amissae auxilium submiserunt.
The good sailors supplied help to the lost queen.
The good sailors supplied help to the queen, who was lost.
The good sailors supply help to the queen because she was lost.
After the queen was lost, the good sailors supplied help to her.

8. Ways to translate the participle clause
Start with the formula: “HAVING-BEEN-VERBED”
E.g. Regina amissa = “the having-been-lost queen” or “the lost queen”
Rephrase that in a manner that fits the whole sentence best.
Relative pronoun (who, which, that)
Time words (After, Once)
Causal words (Since, Because)
Adversative words (Although, If)

9. Expanding to a sentence
Can you make a sentence out of these phrases?
Liber relictus (book, having-been-abandoned)
Templum inventum (temple, having-been-found)
Puella visa (girl, having-been-seen)

10. Expand *your* sentence
Get your poster from last week’s noun-participle activity
Expand your phrase to a sentence
Illustrate the whole sentence