1. Close-up views of the binding interfaces between BoNT/A1 and BoNT/B1 to their synaptic vesicle protein receptors.
Close-up views of the binding interfaces between BoNT/A1 and BoNT/B1 to their synaptic vesicle protein receptors. (A) Two areas of interaction of BoNT/A1 with the synaptic vesicle protein glycosylated-SVC2 (PDB ID 5JLV). One main interaction is mediated by protein-protein contacts through the pairing of the backbones of two solvent-exposed β-strands (black dotted ellipsoid), one from each partner. Essential interactions are mediated by R1156 of BoNT/A1 making a cation-π stacking interaction with P563 of SV2C and also by R1294 of the toxin. The second main interaction is mediated by N559 whose side chain carries a N-glycan modification (shown as sticks), which fits within a crevice formed at the interface between HC-N (purple) and HC-C (green). Amino acids forming the groove are colored in cyan and labeled according to their location (P953, N954, S957, S1062, H1064, and R1065 from HC-N, in purple and T1145, Y1155, D1288, D1289, and G1292 from HC-C, in green). The cartoon also shows essential water molecules (black pellets) and the H bonds (yellow dotted lines), which mediate the interaction of BoNT/A1 with the N-glycan, suggesting the possibility that they serve to adapt the variety of N-glycans that are produced by different kind of neurons and/or by neurons of different individuals and animal species. (B) Interaction among BoNT/B1 and its synaptic vesicle protein receptors Synaptotagmin II (Syt-II) (PDB ID 4KBB). The interface of interaction is at the extreme bottom of BoNT/B and, at variance from BoNT/A1, involves exclusively HC-C (green). Syt-II is unstructured in solution but assumes an helical conformation upon binding to the toxin, forced by the interactions occurring at the level of two hydrophobic pockets. One pocket is formed by HC-C residues P1117, W1178, Y1181, P1194, A1196, P1197, F1204 with Syt-II residues M46, F47, and L50. The second pocket of HC-C is lined by residues K1113, S1116, P1117, V1118, Y1183, E1191, K1192, F1194, and F1204 with Syt-II residues F54, F55, E57, and I58. Only the most significant aminoacids involved in the interaction are shown and labeled. Note the H bond (black dotted line) formed by K1113 and E57, which may also interact electrostatically. The binding sites for the oligosaccharide portion of polysialoganglioside receptor are not shown, but in both BoNT/A1 and /B1 are located within the HC-C subdomain at a distance from the protein receptor binding sites in such a position that they do not interact with them (see text).
Marco Pirazzini et al. Pharmacol Rev 2017;69:
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