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Fig. 1 Illustrative scheme of biological and hardware neural networks.

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1 Fig. 1 Illustrative scheme of biological and hardware neural networks.
Illustrative scheme of biological and hardware neural networks. (A) Illustration of a biological neural subsystem with PREs connected with a POST via plastic synapses. PREs spike by generating an action potential along its axon and through the synapse. PREs spiking at various times form a spatiotemporal spiking pattern. (B) The biological synapse can be represented by a RRAM device, where the conductivity changes by voltage-induced ion migration and corresponding formation/dissolution of a conductive filament. (C) Typical current-voltage (I-V) curves of the RRAM device, where a positive voltage applied to the TE causes set transition (resistance change from HRS to LRS) and a negative voltage causes reset transition (resistance change from LRS to HRS). The transition to LRS is controlled by the compliance current IC, where a large IC results in a high conductance of the LRS, thus enabling time-dependent potentiation of the RRAM synapse. (D) Schematic diagram of a 1T1R synapse, connecting a PRE axon to the POST, the latter providing a feedback spike for potentiation and depression. Wei Wang et al. Sci Adv 2018;4:eaat4752 Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

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