2. Slide 1 History
The Prayer, 1877 
Frederick Arthur Bridgman (1847–1928), American
© Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia

3. Slide 2 History
Ottoman helmet
Gilt-copper, Turkey, about 1650
© Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia

4. Slide 3 History
Early portrait medal of Muhammad Shah Qajar
(ruled 1834–1848), 1835–1840
Enamel, diamonds, gold
© Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia
Muzaffar al-Din Shah Qajar in coronation regalia, about 1900
Unknown Qajar artist
Oil on canvas

5. Slide 4 History
Photographs of Constantinople, about 1890
Pascal Sébah, Ottoman
Albumen prints
British Museum
Sébah, a pioneering Ottoman photographer, opened the Empire’s first studio in Constantinople (modern Istanbul) in His photographs show how an Ottoman subject, rather than an outsider, looked at the city.

6. Slide 5 Art and Design
Glazed and gilded ceramic, Iznik (Turkey), 1600–25 (top)
Glazed ceramic, Veneto (Italy), 1629
British Museum
Glazed ceramic, Iznik (Turkey), 1530–40
Glazed ceramic, Paris (France), around 1865
British Museum; © Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia

7. Slide 6 Art and Design
The Wool Spinners
Rudolf Ernst ( ), Austro-French
© Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia

8. Slide 7 Art and Design
A Turkish woman with veil, 1585–1593
John White (c.1540–c.1593), American
British Museum
Portrait of a page in European dress, 1642–1666
Unknown Safavid artist, Persian
This portrait deliberately blurs European and Middle Eastern identities, which became increasingly fixed in centuries to come.
As Europeans developed new ways of visualising, identifying and disseminating information about the people they encountered across the world costume books became a popular way of classifying different groups according to their dress. Costume books long remained a way of picturing the Ottoman world. The presence of Europeans in Middle Eastern cities also provided local artists with the chance to indulge their own taste for the ‘exotic’ in portraits of European dandies and courtiers.

9. Slide 8 Art and Design
The Princess Burns the Efrite to Death, 1914
from Sinbad the Sailor and Other Stories from the Arabian Nights
Edmund Dulac (1882–1953), French / British 
British Museum
These images were created as illustrations for different editions of the One Thousand and One Nights, a work of Middle Eastern origins, with later European additions to the text. Also known as the Arabian Nights, these tales have fuelled Orientalist visions since they were first translated into French in Over the last 300 years, this collection has been the inspiration for books, pantomimes, plays, songs and films.

10. Slide 9 PHSE and Citizenship
The Snake Charmer,
Ettore Simonetti ( )
Watercolour on paper
© Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia

11. Slide 10 PHSE and Citizenship
Portrait of Sir Austen Henry Layard in Bakhtiari dress,
6 April 1843
Count Amadeo Preziosi ( ), Maltese
British Museum
Layard was prominent English traveller, archaeologist, cuneiformist, art historian, draughtsman, collector, politician and diplomat best known for excavating Nimrud and Nineveh (Iraq).

12. Slide 11 PHSE and Citizenship
Untitled from Women of Allah series, 1995
Shirin Neshat (born 1957), Iranian
Gelatin silver print with handwritten calligraphy
British Museum

13. Slide 12 PHSE and Citizenship
Women of Morocco (#22a-c), 2005
Lalla Essaydi (born 1956), Moroccan
Photographic prints
British Museum
Donated by Waterhouse & Dodd

14. The British Museum
END SLIDE