1. Resilience of rural groundwater supplies to change
Prof Alan MacDonald + many others

2. Groundwater: a AAA reserve …
Natural storage: large volume, widely distributed, generally good quality
accounts for a third of global abstraction ( km3)
Vital for adaptation to climate change

3. How resilient is groundwater to changes in climate and abstraction?

4. Resilience framework Short term OK - Long term unsustainable
Aq Volume
abstraction
unsustainable
Susceptible to drought
Long term recharge
abstraction
Foster and MacDonald 2014

5. High storage, variable yields
MacDonald et al. 2012

6. Some evidence from satellites: GRACE
Monthly estimates of changes in water storage 5 mm resolution Large footprint (400 x 400 km
Bonsor et al 2018

7. Groundwater storage

8. El Nino2015/16: SADC
Kolusu, et al submitted

9. GRACE TWS and GWS anomalies
Kolusu, et al submitted

10. GRACE and GWLs: Limpopo

11. GRACE and GWLs: Makutapora

12. Summary for large scale
At the large scale and medium term - groundwater appears fairly resilient No evidence of large scale depletion GWS coupled to modern rainfall: interesting questions of recharge processes However – short term stresses

13. Using groundwater to reduce poverty
Photo WG Burgess
Prof Alan MacDonald

15. what is a functional water point?
74%
66%
what is a functional water point?
55%

16. Why are so many failing?
U P G R O

17. Deconstruct pump

18. Test the aquifer…

19. chemistry

20. Borehole construction

21. Detailed community discussions

23. Technology and water security in Ethiopia

24. Springs

25. Hand dug wells

26. Boreholes

27. Reticulated Services

28. Reticulated services
Maurice et al 2018
Taylor et al 2013

29. Summary
Resilience: storage, long term recharge, permeability, technology At large scale and medium time frame: evidence of resilience Village level – importance of siting in high permeability areas + O&M Higher yields – less resilient? Choosing appropriate technology and maintenance models

30. Recommendations
Keep monitoring groundwater levels Measure functionality of water points Investigate how rural communities actually use water in drought Investigate recharge processes and links to land use, abstraction, geology, climate Choosing appropriate technology and maintenance models