1. Matter Notes
Part I

2. Chemistry:
“The Study of Matter”

3. Matter
Has mass and volume

4. mass
The amount of matter in an object
The amount of stuff in stuff
Basic unit for this is the gram (g)
A measure of the force of gravity
weight
You will hear both terms used interchangeably. “Mass” is the preferred term in Regents Chemistry

5. Volume The amount of space matter takes up
The basic unit for liquid and gaseous volume:
the milliliter (mL)
Basic unit for solid object:
cm3
1.0 mL = 1.0 cm3 = 1.0 g water

6. Density Formula mass divided by volume g/mL or g/cm3
Drag out the Reference Tables

7. 4 phases of matter Solid: definite shape, definite volume
Liquid: definite volume, not definite shape
Gas: no definite shape, no definite volume
Plasma: rare on Earth, common in the universe (your book has one sentence on plasma: p. 856, last paragraph)

8. Solid: definite shape, definite volume Particles are close together
Strong IMF (intermolecular forces)
Draw:

9. Liquid: definite volume, not definite shape
Particles are close together but can change position relative to each other.
Medium IMF
Draw:

10. Gas: no definite shape, no definite volume
Particles have very little interaction with each other
Very low IMF
Draw:

11. Physical Property
a quality or condition that can be observed without changing the composition
e.g. solubility, odor, hardness, density

12. Chemical Property Ability for a substance to undergo a change
e.g. reactivity with acid, reactivity with oxygen

13. Physical Change
Does not change what the substance is, only its appearance
Cutting, grinding, blending, melting, freezing
Phase changes are ALWAYS physical changes

14. Chemical Change Changes what the substance is
Burning, cooking, reacting with acid, rusting
Not easy to change back

15. Pure substances Contain only one type of matter Elements and compounds
e.g. water, neon, salt, glucose

16. Element
Simplest form of matter that can exist under normal laboratory circumstances
Cannot be separated into simpler substances by normal chemical means
See Periodic Table of the Elements

17. Compound
When two or more elements have reacted to form a bond and a new substance with new properties.
Water, salt, glucose, carbon Dioxide

18. Mixture Physical blend of two or more substance Not chemically reacted
Can be separated, relatively easily, by physical means

19. Heterogeneous mixture
Not uniform composition (i.e. not the same all the way through)

20. Homogeneous mixture Completely uniform The same all the way through
“homogenized” milk

21. Solutions Homogeneous mixtures Can be solid, liquid or gas
(copper dissolved in silver is sterling silver, an alloy)

22. distillation
A liquid is boiled to produce vapor and recondensed into a liquid
Water
Alcohol

23. Chemical symbols
The Periodic Table of Elements are not abbreviations, they are symbols.
One or two letters
First letter is always capitalized
Second letter is never capitalized
Many symbols are based on Greek or Latin names

24. Reactants
In a chemical reaction, what you start with

25. Products
In a chemical reaction, what you end with