1. Introduction and Context
The French Revolution
Introduction and Context
Jacobin Mobs of the French Revolution
What seems revolutionary in this scene?
The Schiller Institute.

2. Historical Thinking Concepts
Primary Source Evidence
Continuity and Change
Cause and Consequence
Historical Perspectives

3. Evaluation: Quiz and HTC Portfolio
Quiz: Tuesday April 2 (half period)
“Terms for French Revolution Quiz”
Fill in your sheet as you do the homework (don’t wait until the last night before)
You can bring the sheet into the quiz
HTC Portfolio: PSD (evidence)

4. Phases of the French Revolution (Periodization, Pace of Change)
Prelude
Traditional aristocratic rights reasserted vs. royal absolutism
Phase 1,
Tone: Moderate
Who: Middle class, bourgeoisie (with some street action in Paris)
Form of Gov’t: Constitutional Monarchy

5. Phases of the French Revolution
Radical (The Terror- Jacobins under Robespierre)
Peasants and Paris workers (sans culottes)
Foreign Wars
Republic (execution of the king)

6. Phases of the French Revolution
Conservative/ Moderate
Napoleon rises out of the Directory
Still a republic but back to conservative/moderate

7. Enlightenment = Liberal
Vs.
France = Absolute Monarchy 4
moderate 5 3 2 6
radical
conservative 1 7
Where are enlightened philosophes on this spectrum?

8. France is bankrupt from wars, wars, wars and financial mismanagement
Economic Context
France is bankrupt from
wars, wars, wars and financial mismanagement

9. French Burden of Taxation on The Peasants
French Peasants must pay…
To the Church:
Tithe
To the State:
Taille
Vingtieme
Capitation
Gabelle (salt tax)
To Seigneur: (feudal lord of his/her parish)
Corvee (cash or kind)
Cens (feudal rent in cash)
Champart (renit in kind)
Lods et ventes ( charge on the transfer of property)
If he doesn’t own land himself, he may have to pay to use the lord’s mill, wine press, or bakery
*Note: In France, grain prices increased by 60% between 1730 and 1789

10. Social Context (and some Economic, too)
Remember what Louis XIV
did to the nobles?

11. The Three Estates in France – A Corporatist View of Society
First Estate
The Clergy
Main Privileges
About 130,000
138 archbishops and bishops
2,800 canons and priors
37,000 nuns and 23,000 monks
60,000 parish priests
Had their own law courts (parlement)
Exempt from taxes
Second Estate
The nobility
Main Privileges
Between 120,000 and 350,000 people
King and queen
Nobles of the sword: princes, dukes, marquises, counts, viscounts, barons, knights
Nobles of the robe
Had the right to carry a sword
Received special treatment in law courts (parlement)
Exempt from taxes
parish priests
Bourgeoisie = professionals
Third Estate
Everybody else
Privileges
About 27 million people
Lawyers, doctors, businessmen, merchants, soldiers, craftsmen, shopkeepers, peasants, etc.
None

12. Conflict…
Three Estates add to financial crisis (First and Second don’t pay taxes!!!!)
Everyone in conflict with Louis XIV, pointing out flaws of absolute monarchy
bourgeoisie
nobility
Influence of enlightenment/ philosophes makes them critical of absolute monarchy
Want constitutional monarchy
Complain about centralization
Re-assert power by claiming law courts have to register the King’s edicts (laws)
Louis XVI

13. works (or doesn’t work)
Political Context
The way government
works (or doesn’t work)

14. French Institutions of Gov’t Under Absolute Monarchy
Where is the only place where the third estate had any influence?

15. Estates General
A sort of parliament where the three estates get to meet (May 1789)
Haven't met since 1615!!!
Estates vote by order (by estate) despite equal numbers (don’t vote by head) 3 1 2

16. Estates General Con’t…
Six months pass between the calling and the meeting
Before the meeting each estate of each region of France gets to write its grievances (complaints, criticisms) in the form of Cahiers de Doleances (Every estate had complaints, but didn’t agree how to reform government)

17. Cahiers de Doleances Activity
In pairs read the Cahiers (in handouts) and complete the comparative organizer on Three Estates (in handouts)
You may not have something for every box
Vocab
Edict = rule or law
Deliberation = discussion
Order = estate
Arbitrary = random
Concurrence = agreement
Inherent = built-in, naturally part of

18. Cahiers Consolidation: Surprise or As Expected?
“since diversity of religious opinions … respectful devotion to the Catholic religion…” (1)
“the legislative power reside collectively in the hands of the king and the united nation.” (2)
“every arbitrary order prejudicial to the liberty of citizens be abolished entirely;” (2)
“no tax be established without the concurrence [agreement] of the legislative power.” (2)
“tax be borne equally, without distinction, by all class of citizens.” (3)
10 = surprise, 1 = as expected

19. Homework Finish cahiers chart
Read pages in the text. Take notes on and fill in quiz sheet for:
causes
National Assembly
Cahiers
Bread Riots
Bastille
Estates General Voting
Abbe Sieyes