1. BES: Respiration May 22, 2019 Please open your journal to warm ups.
Get your pink Photosynthesis Lab out

2. Warm Up
What is meant by the term “carbon fixation” and why is it important?
Carbon fixation refers to the conversion process of inorganic carbon (carbon dioxide) to organic compounds by living organisms (glucose).
This is important because animals cannot complete this process. Without glucose we could not survive.

3. REVIEW: Where do we get carbon?
Consumers, including humans, get carbon from food.
Primary producers get carbon from CO2 in the air. They use it to make food through a process called photosynthesis.
Glucose
Sucrose
Starch
Cellulose
Note: Plants do not gain mass from
taking up soil. They make their own
mass by converting CO2 to carbohydrates
through photosynthesis.
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4. REVIEW: What are the 2 key reactions of photosynthesis that are essential for life on our planet?
1. Splitting of water to make oxygen.
2. Fixation of CO2 from the air to make food for the plant.
Draw this diagram.
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5. Elodea Experiment Lab Results
Take observations of your tube. Record.
Complete the reflection questions and turn in.
Rinse tubes out. Place in bucket up on front table.
Throw Chara sprigs in garbage.
Your control should NOT have had Chara in it. As you were supposed to use it as a color comparison.
Lots of CO2 = yellow
(respiration)
Less CO2 = blue
(photosynthesis)
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6. 5/22/19 NOTES: Respiration

7. Photosynthesis and Respiration
Cellular Respiration
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8. NOTES: What is respiration?
During cellular respiration, cells beak down glucose to form ATP (Adenosine triphosphate). ATP is a chemical compound cells use to store or release energy. It is used by all living things.
Both plants and animals perform cellular respiration.
Respiration can occur with oxygen (aerobic) or without oxygen (anaerobic).
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9. NOTES: Where does respiration occur in the cell?
In the Mitochondrion of both plant and animal cells.
Cytosol O2
Organic Molecules
CO2 +H2O
ATP
ATP
Animal cell
Plant cell
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10. Measuring Cell Respiration
There are 3 ways to measure cellular respiration in an organism:
Amount of ATP produced by cells
Carbon dioxide production
Oxygen use
Respirometers measure oxygen use and carbon dioxide production. They can estimate how much energy is being used at the cellular level.
Respirometer in use.
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11. NOTES: Respiration is the Opposite of Photosynthesis
Balanced Photosynthesis Equation
light
6CO2 + 6H2O C6 H12O O2
Balanced Respiration Equation
C6 H12O O energy (ATP) +6CO2 + 6H2O
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12. NOTES: Three Stages of Cellular Respiration1 2 3
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13. NOTES: Glycolysis and Fermentation
These processes occur in the cytosol/cytoplasm of the cell without oxygen, and produce a small amount of usable energy (ATP) for an organism.
Yeast fermentation is the process that makes bread rise, and creates alcohol in beer and wine.
Lactate fermentation is the process that makes yogurt, and also causes muscle soreness after vigorous exercise.
Click link for animation of glycolysis:
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14. NOTES: Krebs Cycle / Citric Acid Cycle
The Krebs Cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, where mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes that make mitochondrial proteins are also found.
The Krebs Cycle is often called the Citric Acid Cycle. It produces a small amount of ATP from pyruvate, a result of glycolysis
Ribosomes are responsible for phytoremediating metals in Brassicas.
Clink link for animation of Krebs Cycle:
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15. NOTES: ADP to ATP
The electron transport chain moves electrons around the mitochondria to help convert ADP to ATP.
This process produces a lot of ATP (energy) for an organism.
Electron transport
and
chemiosmosis
Krebs Cycle or
Citric Acid Cycle
Glycolysis
Formation of
Acetyl coenzyme A
Acetyle CoA
Glucose
Pyruvate
2 ATP
2 ATP
32 ATP
Click link for animation of electron
transport:
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16. NOTES: What causes muscles to get tired?
When you exercise hard and get “out of breath,” not enough oxygen reaches cells to trigger the more energy- producing forms of aerobic respiration that happen in a cell’s mitochondria.
Instead, when cells lack oxygen, they produce energy (ATP) through the anaerobic processes of glycolysis and fermentation. This makes lactic acid build up in muscle tissue, which causes sore muscles.
Notice that anaerobic respiration produces only 2 ATP, while aerobic produces up to 34. That is why hard physical activity can only be kept up for a little while, while a person can be somewhat active for much longer.
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17. Amoeba Sisters Video Clip
Watch for the 3 steps of respiration.
Cellular Respiration Video Clip

18. Respiration/Muscle Fatigue Lab
How many times can you squeeze a clothespin before your muscles get tired?
Complete the questions and graph. Due Thurs 5/30.
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