1. BES: Carbon/Nitrogen Review
Photosynthesis
May 20, 2019
Please open your journal to warm ups.
Get your white nitrogen/carbon WS out.

2. Warm Up
Chloroplast are a very important organelle for plants. Explain why.
Chloroplasts work to convert light energy of the Sun into sugars that can be used by cells. The entire process is called photosynthesis and it all depends on the little green chlorophyll molecules in each chloroplast. Plants are the basis of all life on Earth. They are classified as the producers of the world.

3. Team Carbon & Team Nitrogen
Time to teach your neighbors about your cycle!
Teams 2 & 3
Teams 4 & 5
Teams 6 & 7
Teams 8 & 9
Begin with the diagram. Go through all the ways your element moves throughout our planet.
Go through questions next.

4. What can you tell me about Photosynthesis and Respiration?
Use a color pencil or color pen.
Your “pre-assessment” will be in one color. At the end of the lesson you will do a “post-assessment” in a different color.
Write and sketch as much information as possible.
You will also have a quiz over P & R as well and C & N cycles next week.

5. 5/29/19 NOTES: Photosynthesis

6. Where does a plant get its energy?
Could a plant in the dark continue to grow?
Where do plants get their energy to grow?
Watch the plants growing in dark (left side) and light (right side) video.
Check out Mod 8.1 on Educurious for the video clip.
©2018 Educurious Partners. All rights reserved.

7. Based on your own observations…
What color were the leaves as they first emerged from the soil?
Later, what happened to the color of the leaves?

8. What do plants need to grow?
NOTES: Brainstorm
What do plants need to grow?
Energy, Water, Sunlight, Food, and Carbon
All life on Earth is carbon- based
All living things depend on carbon to make proteins, fats, and carbohydrates (in other words…food!)
Brainstorm all reasonable answers, type in during discussion
©2018 Educurious Partners. All rights reserved.

9. NOTES: Where do we get carbon?
Consumers, including humans, get carbon from food.
Primary producers get carbon from CO2 in the air. They use it to make food through a process called photosynthesis.
Glucose
Sucrose
Starch
Cellulose
Note: Plants do not gain mass from
taking up soil. They make their own
mass by converting CO2 to carbohydrates
through photosynthesis.
©2018 Educurious Partners. All rights reserved.

10. NOTES: How do organisms lose carbon?
All organisms, including plants, lose carbon through a process called respiration.
Plants respire all the time, and also lose carbon when they lose their leaves. The graph to the right shows atmospheric carbon changes happen seasonally because many plants lose their leaves in the fall. Red is CO2 concentration, black is average of 7 seasonal cycles centered on that date.
Animals lose carbon by exhaling CO2 and through eliminating waste.
©2018 Educurious Partners. All rights reserved.

11. NOTES: Photosynthesis and Respiration
Cellular Respiration
©2018 Educurious Partners. All rights reserved.

12. NOTES: Where does photosynthesis occur in a cell?
Photosynthesis occurs in the
chloroplasts.
©2018 Educurious Partners. All rights reserved.

13. NOTES: What are the 2 key reactions of photosynthesis that are essential for life on our planet?
1. Splitting of water to make oxygen.
2. Fixation of CO2 from the air to make food for the plant.
Draw this diagram.
©2018 Educurious Partners. All rights reserved.

14. What are similarities and differences you see between the 2 explanations of photosynthesis?
1. Splitting of water to make oxygen.
2. Fixation of CO2 from the air to make food for the plant. 14
©2018 Educurious Partners. All rights reserved.

15. NOTES: Photosynthesis DEEP DIVE!
Watch this video clip and pay close attention to what happens when plants take in water and carbon dioxide.
Answer this question: What is carbon fixation?
Photo & Carbon Fixation Video Clip

16. Elodea Experiment
You will design an experiment to measure photosynthesis and respiration in plants.
Bromothymol blue is an indicator (chemical) that turns water different colors depending on how much CO2 is in it.
What color does it start out as?
Use a drinking straw to blow air into a tube. What color does it turn when you blow into it? Why?
Lots of CO2 = yellow
(respiration)
Less CO2 = blue
(photosynthesis)
©2018 Educurious Partners. All rights reserved.

17. NOTES: What is respiration?
During cellular respiration, cells beak down glucose to form ATP (Adenosine triphosphate). ATP is a chemical compound cells use to store or release energy. It is used by all living things.
Both plants and animals perform cellular respiration.
Respiration can occur with oxygen (aerobic) or without oxygen (anaerobic).
©2018 Educurious Partners. All rights reserved.

18. NOTES: Where does respiration occur in the cell?
Mitochondrion
Cytosol O2
Organic Molecules
CO2 +H2O
ATP
ATP
Animal cell
Plant cell
©2018 Educurious Partners. All rights reserved.

19. Measuring Cell Respiration
There are 3 ways to measure cellular respiration in an organism:
Amount of ATP produced by cells
Carbon dioxide production
Oxygen use
Respirometers measure oxygen use and carbon dioxide production. They can estimate how much energy is being used at the cellular level.
Respirometer in use.
©2018 Educurious Partners. All rights reserved.

20. Respiration is the Opposite of Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6 H12O O2
Respiration
C6 H12O O2 -> energy (ATP) +6CO2 + 6H2O
©2018 Educurious Partners. All rights reserved.

21. Three Stages of Cellular Respiration
©2018 Educurious Partners. All rights reserved.

22. Glycolysis and Fermentation
These processes occur in the cytosol/cytoplasm of the cell without oxygen, and produce a small amount of usable energy (ATP) for an organism.
Yeast fermentation is the process that makes bread rise, and creates alcohol in beer and wine.
Lactate fermentation is the process that makes yogurt, and also causes muscle soreness after vigorous exercise.
Click link for animation of glycolysis:
©2018 Educurious Partners. All rights reserved.

23. Krebs Cycle / Citric Acid Cycle
The Krebs Cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, where mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes that make mitochondrial proteins are also found.
The Krebs Cycle is often called the Citric Acid Cycle. It produces a small amount of ATP from pyruvate, a result of glycolysis
Ribosomes are responsible for phytoremediating metals in Brassicas.
Clink link for animation of Krebs Cycle:
©2018 Educurious Partners. All rights reserved.

24. ADP to ATP
The electron transport chain moves electrons around the mitochondria to help convert ADP to ATP.
This process produces a lot of ATP (energy) for an organism.
Electron transport
and
chemiosmosis
Krebs Cycle or
Citric Acid Cycle
Glycolysis
Formation of
Acetyl coenzyme A
Acetyle CoA
Glucose
Pyruvate
2 ATP
2 ATP
32 ATP
Click link for animation of electron
transport:
©2018 Educurious Partners. All rights reserved.

25. What causes muscles to get tired?
When you exercise hard and get “out of breath,” not enough oxygen reaches cells to trigger the more energy- producing forms of aerobic respiration that happen in a cell’s mitochondria.
Instead, when cells lack oxygen, they produce energy (ATP) through the anaerobic processes of glycolysis and fermentation. This makes lactic acid build up in muscle tissue, which causes sore muscles.
Notice that anaerobic respiration produces only 2 ATP, while aerobic produces up to 34. That is why hard physical activity can only be kept up for a little while, while a person can be somewhat active for much longer.
©2018 Educurious Partners. All rights reserved.

26. Respiration/Muscle Fatigue Lab
How many times can you squeeze a clothespin before your muscles get tired?
©2018 Educurious Partners. All rights reserved.