1. KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma subsets exhibit distinct patterns of immune system engagement.
KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma subsets exhibit distinct patterns of immune system engagement. A, IPA identifies several immune-related modules among the top ten upregulated pathways in the KP cluster. B, GSEA reveals prominent enrichment of signatures relating to inflammation, antitumor immunity, and immune tolerance/escape in the KP subgroup. C, heatmap representation of relative mRNA expression levels of selected targetable immune checkpoint mediator/effector molecules. D, expression of CD274 (PD-L1) mRNA in KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma subsets. ANOVA is used for statistical comparison between the three groups. E, comparison of PD-L1 H-score between KL and KP tumors in a tissue microarray from PROSPECT. A single confirmed triple-mutant tumor (KRAS;TP53;LKB1) in this cohort is excluded from the analysis. Wilcoxon rank-sum test is used for statistical comparison. Asterisk denotes statistical significance at P ≤ Error bars, SD of the mean. H-score, histoscore. F, representative images of CD274 immunostaining in lung adenocarcinomas from the KL (KL1/KL2) and KP (KP1/KP2) clusters. Scale bar, 200 μm.
Ferdinandos Skoulidis et al. Cancer Discovery 2015;5:
©2015 by American Association for Cancer Research