1. Three Worlds Meet
American Beginnings

2. 1492 Europeans Europe Native Americans North America West Africans

3. Native Americans
North America

4. Native American Diverse societies
Shared cultural patterns: Religious beliefs - spirits Land use - source of life not possession Social organization - family/clan/task (age, gender, status)
Established trade routes

5. "When we dig roots, we make little holes
"When we dig roots, we make little holes. When we build houses, we make little holes...We shake down acorns and pinenuts. We don't chop down the trees. We only use dead wood [for fires]....But the white people plow up the ground, pull down the trees, [and ...the] the trees says , 'Don't. I am sore. Don't hurt me.'" -Wintu Woman

7. West African Societies

8. West African Societies,1490's
TRADE - Sahara Highway
Spread of Islam
Arrival of Portuguese
Plantations (Príncipe and Sāo Tomé) and slaves
Beginnings of slave trade

9. West African Societies,1490's
Thriving trade
Diverse cultures
Rich, well-ordered states

10. West African Societies,1490's
Trans-Sahara trade =money and power Ghana>Mali>Songhai (Timbuktu)
Niger River and Niger River Delta Benin
Rainforest Kongo

11. West African Societies,1490's
Family and government
Religion
Livelihood
Slave Labor

12. European Societies
Europe

13. European Societies, 1490's Age of Exploration
Prince Henry the Navigator, Portugal
European expansion

14. Social Order
Social Hierarchy
European families - nuclear family

15. Christianity
Roman Catholic Church > Pope =spiritual and political power
Suffer on Earth=rewards in heaven/ salvation
Spread the Word! Missionaries
Defend the Word! Crusades

16. Increase in trade, money to merchants
Weakened nobles, strengthened monarchs
Crusades
Weakened Pope's power

17. Catholics vs. Protestants
Europe is split!
Catholics vs. Protestants
Reformation
Early 1500's
Increased rivalries
among countries
Protestants to colonies
Seeking religious freedom

18. Political
Social
Changes in
Western Europe
Economic
Cultural

19. Transatlantic Encounters
1492

20. Columbus Aug. 3, 1492 - depart Spain (Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria)
Oct. 12, arrive
Met Taino people

22. "It would be unnecessary to build
"It would be unnecessary to build...[a fort here] because these people are so simple in deed of arms...If Your Highness order either to bring all of them to Castile or to hold them as captivos [slaves] on their own island it could easily be done, because with about fifty men you could control and subjugate them all, making them do whatever you want." -Christopher Columbus

24. Why explore?
Gold!
Land
God

25. Spain moves in Spain thrilled, 3 more voyages funded Colonization
Resistance and Conquest
Death & Disease

27. Impact on Native Americans
Methods of Colonization
Plantation System
Forced Labor
Weapons
Resistance
Conquest
Disease
In this series of drawings from an Aztec codex, or book (c. 1575), a
medicine man takes care of an Aztec with smallpox, a deadly disease
brought to the Americas by Europeans.

28. The Slave Trade Begins
Slave Labor Force
African Losses

30. The Impact on Europeans
Columbian Exchange
National Rivalries
Treaty of Tordesillas

32. A New Society is Born Columbus ordered to leave
Columbus > Chain of Events
Settlement
Colonization
Cultural transplants
New Society