1. Monarch
A King or a queen

2. A person who holds responsibilities for others
Trustee
A person who holds responsibilities for others

3. Indentured Servant
Person who agreed to work for someone else for 4-7 years in exchange for passage to the New World.

4. People who had few rights and spent their lives in servitude
Slave
People who had few rights and spent their lives in servitude

5. Colony
A group of people who settle in a new land but keep ties to their homeland.

6. A legal document that grants special rights and privileges
Charter
A legal document that grants special rights and privileges

7. Militia
A citizen’s army

8. The Founding of Georgia
The 13th Colony

9. THOUGHT QUESTION Do we have a responsibility to take care of others?
Does it make a difference if they don’t help themselves?

10. Gin Lane 2 3 1

11. 2 3
Beer Street 1

12. James Oglethorpe
Considered to be the founder of Georgia. Member of the British Parliament Wanted to reform British prisons.

13. Why did English prisons need reform?
Unemployment was severe in England
People owed money - debts
Debtors (and their families) put in prison
Horrible prison conditions

14. James Oglethorpe wanted to help because his friend, Robert Castell, died of smallpox in prison. Castell had been sent to prison because he could not pay his debts.

15. James Oglethorpe
Oglethorpe wanted to help the worthy poor-people who were poor but would work hard to build farms and businesses.

16. King George II King of England when Georgia was founded.
He named one colony “Carolina” after his dominating wife Caroline. It was later divided into North Carolina and South Carolina.
His only son, Frederick, died in Thus, his young grandson, George III, became king when he died. George III lost the American colonies in 1783.

17. King George II
King George II was interested in defending his colonies and making more money through mercantilism.

18. King George II & The Charter of 1732
Georgia was created by a charter- written permission from the King to settle land
Georgia named after King George II

19. King George II & The Charter of 1732
Remember: a colony is a settlement in a new land but still has ties to the home country.
Charter signed June 20, 1732
Charter set up boundaries & limited power of officials

20. Georgia’s Boundaries
Georgia was in between the Altamaha and Savannah River. Continues to the west coast (California).
Boundaries:
North: Savannah R
South: Altamaha R
East: Atlantic Ocean
West: Pacific Ocean

21. Georgia’s three purposes
1. Philanthropy – Get rid of poverty and unemployment- another word for it is Charity
2. Economics – Increase Britain's trade and wealth-Wanted to plant Mulberry trees to make silk to send back to England to make fancy clothes
3. Defense – Georgia would be a buffer colony to protect South Carolina from attack by the Spanish in Florida.

22. Religion – Home for Protestants being persecuted in England
Unofficial Purpose
Religion – Home for Protestants being persecuted in England
Catholics were not allowed. H8
3 Q

23. The Charter of 1732
The document that formally established the colony of Georgia; outlines the reasons for Georgia’s founding and the regulations set up by the trustees.

24. The Charter of 1732 Georgia began as a Trustee Colony
Trustees were appointed by the King to govern the colony for him.
Oglethorpe and 20 other British gentlemen would run the colony for 21 years (21 for 21)

25. The Charter of 1732 They would not be paid
Rules for the Trustees
They would not be paid
They could not receive any of the land in Georgia
They could not hold public office

26. Oglethorpe’s Plan to keep Georgia as a Model Society.
Banned Slavery (thought it would make colonists lazy.)
Banned Liquor/Rum (beer and wine were ok, even for children, because of unhealthy water quality. Again, the fear was that hard liquor would make colonists lazy.)
Did not allow lawyers or Catholics
Largest farms could only be 500 acres

27. WRIST Crops- Wine, Rice, Indigo, Silk, Tobacco
Economics
WRIST Crops- Wine, Rice, Indigo, Silk, Tobacco

28. Oglethorpe’s Plan to keep Georgia as a Model Society.
Incentives for the colonists:
50 to 500 acres of land
Tools and seed for one year
One year’s supply of food
35 families selected No debtors selected

29. Oglethorpe’s Plan to keep Georgia as a Model Society.
Colonists were required to defend the colony.
Colonists had to grow mulberry trees (for silkworms).
Colonists could not sell their land.
Land could not be passed to female heirs.
They had to obey all of the Trustee’s rules.
3 Q

30. Arrival of The Ann
The First Colonists sailed to Georgia on Nov 1732, Oglethorpe and 114 settlers sail on the ship the Ann (also spelled Anne)
February 12, Colonists arrived at Yamacraw Bluff and met the Yamacraw Indians who lived there.

31. Arrival of The Ann
The First Colonists sailed to Georgia on Nov 1732, Oglethorpe and 114 settlers sail on the ship the Ann (also spelled Anne)
In the end, no debtors were selected to come. Selected were farmers, carpenters, tailors, bakers, merchants and trade people. 34

32. Arrival of The Ann Looking at the document:
What were some of the occupations of the first settlers of Georgia?
Why did the Trustees specifically choose some of these worker skills to settle Savannah?
What happened to many of the first settlers within a few years of their arrival? What reasons can you think of that might have led to their fates?
Why do you think there were many more settlers for whom the Trustees paid their way in comparison to those who paid their own way?

33. Tomochichi Chief of the Yamacraw Indians
Welcomed Oglethorpe and English
Allowed them to build town-Indians wanted to trade with English
Wouldn’t have to travel to South Carolina to trade
38, 40

34. 36

35. Tomochichi

36. MARY MUSGROVE One of the most important people in Georgia History
She was half Indian(mother)/half English(father)
She served as translator for Chief Tomochichi & Oglethorpe
Georgia colony built near John & Mary Musgrove’s trading post 39
Return

37. Oglethorpe and Tomochichi
Tomochichi and several Indian representatives journeyed to England with Oglethorpe to meet George II.
They made a very good impression on the English. Goodwill visit.
Return

38. Oglethorpe and Tomochichi
Return

39. Georgia’s First Settlement
Settlement was named Savannah after the river.
Located on Yamacraw Bluff
It was laid out in a series of squares
It was the first planned city in America
First capital of Georgia
35, 41

42. Disease and Hardship Heat and disease hurt the colonists
Caught dysentery from the Savannah River
The only Doctor died two months after the colony started (April of 1733)
first year, 25% of the colonists died from the hardships 37

44. Others allowed into the Georgia Colony
Peaceful and hard working
German-speaking Protestants from Austria
George II felt sorry for them because they were being persecuted by Catholics
Allowed them to come to colony
Strictly anti-slavery and loyal to the Trustees
Only ones to make silk production successful
The Salzburgers 43

45. Others allowed into the Georgia Colony
Brought by James Oglethorpe
Reputation for being some of the best soldiers in the world.
Given land near the abandoned Fort King George. Created the town of Darien.
Anti-slavery
Valued hard work
Fought for the colony against the Spanish in the Battle of Bloody Marsh.
The Highland Scots 42

46. Others allowed into the Georgia Colony
Portuguese Jews
Oglethorpe allowed them in after the colony’s doctor died.
One was a doctor who was given credit for saving the colony. 44

47. Problems start The Malcontents
As soon as colonists arrived, some started complaining about the Trustee rules.
Many of these “Malcontents” had paid their own way.
They were angry about the limits on
Land rights
Rum
Slavery
In 1751, the Trustees changed the rules on land and slavery. 45

48. Was the colony a success?
1. Philanthropy – Get rid of poverty and unemployment
2. Economics – Increase Britain's trade and wealth-Wanted to plant Mulberry trees to make silk to send back to England to make fancy clothes
3. Defense – Georgia would be a buffer colony to protect South Carolina from attack by the Spanish in Florida.

49. Philanthropy No debtors were ever brought to Georgia.
Malcontents ended the rules that kept farms small and also allowed slavery.

50. Economics WRIST Crops- Wine, Rice, Indigo, Silk, Tobacco
None of the crops became a major success during the colonial period.

51. Defense
England declared war on Spain after the Battle of Jenkin’s Ear.
Oglethorpe and the colonists, with help from the Highland Scots, attacked St. Augustine, then retreated.

52. Defense
The Spanish attacked St. Simon’s island, but were defeated at the Battle of Bloody Marsh.

53. Defense
The Spanish gave up and moved farther south into Florida.
They never threatened
the colony again.

54. So, was the colony a success?

55. Philanthropy
Failure

56. Economics
Failure

57. Success
Defense

58. Oglethorpe returned to England in 1743 and never came back to the colony.
He married a rich heiress and settled down to a comfortable life.
He had been a progressive leader because he had allowed Jews, Lutheran Salzburgers, and other persecuted religious minorities to live in the colony.

59. The Royal Period
Trustees returned the colony to the King one year early.
At this point, it became a Royal Colony like the other 12 colonies.

60. The Royal Period
They had been frustrated over the Malcontents, lack of success with growing silk and grapes for wine, and that the colony had not built an ideal society.
Between 1752 to the end of the American Revolution, Georgia had 3 royal governors.

61. The Royal Period Courts
Changes under the Royal Governors
The king appointed governors to run Georgia for him and they answered only to him.
The court system was established

62. The Royal Period Self-government
Changes under the Royal Governors
Royal Governors moved the colony toward more self-government.

63. The Royal Period Slaves
Changes under the 3 Royal Governors
1749-Slaves were allowed in Georgia
,000 slaves in Georgia

64. Remember- cotton was NOT an important crop in Georgia at this time.
The Royal Period Slaves
Changes under the Royal Governors
Malcontents had complained from the start to get slaves.
Main crops in Georgia required a large amount of labor.
Remember- cotton was NOT an important crop in Georgia at this time.

65. The Royal Period Alcohol
Changes under the Royal Governors
Rum was allowed in the colony

66. The Royal Period Land Changes under the Royal Governors
Land ownership rules were relaxed. Women could inherit land.
Citizens could sell their land and purchase more land.
Women could now inherit land.