1. The Mexican Revolution
What were reasons for the Mexican Revolution?

2. I. Mexico Under Pres. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, 1833-1855*
A. From wealthy Creole family, Mex. Ind. Leader,
B. Americans challenge Santa Anna for Tejas (TX) independence.
1. Santa Anna wins early battles including the Alamo, but ultimately loses in 1836  “Republic of Texas”
C. 1848: Santa Anna loses Mexican-American War ( )
II. Benito Juarez, orphan, Zapotec Indian, Liberal Reformer
A. 1847: Liberal Gov’r of Oaxaca, begins La Reforma to remove “dictator” Pres. Santa Anna, get land reform, better education system
B. Juarez becomes Pres. of Mex. in 1861
C. 1862: France invades Mexico, 1864: Napoleon III (Fr) puts Maximillian von Hapsburg as Emperor of Mexico
D. 1867: Juarez and Gen. Porfirio Diaz able to defeat French invaders

3. III. The Porfiriato (1876-1911) Period, “Pan o Palo!”
Exiled
A. #1 Pres. Porfirio Diaz, Mex. Ind. from Oaxaca
1. After Juarez’ death, Diaz industrializes Mexico by encouraging foreign investment (esp. US)
2. Helps rich & Cath. Church, does little to help poor & Indians
3. Becomes a dictator
“Pan
O Palo!”
: His opponent for the presidency, Francisco Madero, is jailed!
B. Madero escapes & starts Mexican Revolution.
C. 1911: Madero, helped by Emiliano Zapata & Pancho Villa, overthrows Diaz who goes into exile
Zapata
Pancho Villa

4. IV. Mexican Revolution: Madero & Huerta (1911-1915)
A. 1911: #2 Francisco Madero (“Father of the Rev.”) becomes Pres.
B. Emiliano Zapata wants land reform (take land away from foreigners & wealthy and give it to peasants).
1. Madero rejects idea
C. Zapata issues Plan de Ayala (remove Madero/enact land reform)
D. Pancho Villa arrested by Gen. Victoriano Huerta, Villa to be executed
1. Madero stops execution, Villa escapes from prison
E. 1913: #3 Gen Huerta (counterrevolutionary) forces Madero to resign, has Madero executed
1. Huerta runs country as a military dictatorship
Executed
“Tierra y Libertad”

5. V. Mexican Revolution & Civil War: Carranza (1915-1920)
A. Villa returns to overthrow Huerta
B. Villa joins w/ Zapata & Gen. Venustiano Carranza
C. Huerta flees into exile – Villa & Carranza both want to be Pres
D : US backs #4 Carranza, 1916: Villa & his Villaistas rob & kill Americans in New Mexico
E. Carranza allows US to send 5K troops under Gen. “Blackjack” Pershing into Mexico, Villa never caught
F. 1917: Civil War Ends  New Constitution, 1 mill.+ Mexicans dead
G. April, 1919: Zapata is killed in an ambush by Carranza supporter
Assassinated
Assassinated
Exiled
Pedro Lascurain (45mins), After Huerta, Francisco Carvajal 1 month
Gen Pablo Gonzalez men ambush Zapata

6. VI. Mexican Revolution: Obregon (1920-1928)
A. 1920: #5 Alvaro Obregon overthrows Carranza
1. has support of Army & peasants, has fair relations w/ Church
2. Promoted public education, stressed nationalism
2. Leaves w/o violence, supports Plutarco Calles for Presidency
Assassinated
Assassinated

7. Voices From the Past: Pancho Villa
Why did young Doreteo Arrango flee his village?
What were Villa’s best soldiers called during the Mexican Rev?
Why was he known as a Mexican Robin Hood?
How could Villa be ruthless?
How was Villa eventually killed?